Python学习手册（第四部分函数）第19章 函数的高级话题

递归函数

#递归求和
def mysum(L):
    print(L)
    if not L:
        return 0
    else:
        return L[0] + mysum(L[1:])

print(mysum([1,2,3,4,5]))
"""
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[2, 3, 4, 5]
[3, 4, 5]
[4, 5]
[5]
[]
15
"""
#递归求和
def mysum(L):
    print(L)
    return 0 if not L else L[0]+mysum(L[1:])
    # return L[0] if len(L)==1 else L[0]+mysum(L[1:])
    
    # first,*rest = L
    # return L[0] if not rest else first +mysum(rest)
try:
    # L=[1,2,3,4,5]
    L=[]
    mysum(L)
except TypeError:
    print("wrong")

# print(mysum([1,2,3,4,5]))
# print(mysum(('s','p','a','m')))
# print(mysum(['spam','ham','eggs']))



#处理任意结构
def sumtree(L):
    tot = 0
    for x in L:
        if not isinstance(x,list):
            tot += x
        else:
            tot += sumtree(x)
    return tot

L = [1,[2,[3,4],[4,[5,6]]]]
print(sumtree(L))

函数对象：属性和注解

函数对象可以赋值给其他的名字、传递给其他函数、嵌入到数据结构、从一个函数返回给另一个函数。

def echo(message):
    print(message)

print(echo('Direct call'))

x = echo
print(x('Indirect call'))

def indirect(func,arg):
    func(arg)
print(indirect(echo,'Argument call!'))



def make(label):
    def echo(message):
        print(label + ':'+message)
    return echo

F = make('Spam')
F('Ham!')
F('Eggs!')

匿名函数：lambda

在序列中映射函数：map

counters = [1,2,3,4]

updated = []
for x in counters:
    updated.append(x+10)
print(updated)

counters = [1,2,3,4]
def inc(x):return x+10
print(list(map(inc,counters)))

print(list(map((lambda x:x+3),counters)))

"""results:
[11,12,13,14]
[11,12,13,14]
[4, 5, 6, 7]
"""

函数式编程工具：filter和reduce

import numpy
print(list(range(-5,5)))
print(list(filter((lambda x:x>0),range(-5,5))))
print(list(map(lambda x:x>0,range(-5,5))))

res = []
for x in range(-5,5):
    if x > 0:
        res.append(x)
print(res)

from functools import reduce
print(reduce((lambda x,y:x+y),[1,2,3,4]))
print(reduce((lambda x,y:x*y),[1,2,3,4]))

"""
结果如下：
[-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[False, False, False, False, False, False, True, True, True, True]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
10
24
"""


from functools import reduce
print(reduce((lambda x,y:x+y),[1,2,3,4]))
print(reduce((lambda x,y:x*y),[1,2,3,4]))

def myreduce(function,sequence):
    tally = sequence[0]
    for next in sequence[1:]:
        tally = function(tally,next)
    return tally
print(myreduce((lambda x,y:x+y),[1,2,3,4,5]))
print(myreduce((lambda x,y:x*y),[1,2,3,4,5]))
"""
结果如下：
10
24
15
120
"""