LeetCode //C - 273. Integer to English Words

273. Integer to English Words

Convert a non-negative integer num to its English words representation.
 

Example 1:

Input: num = 123
Output: “One Hundred Twenty Three”

Example 2:

Input: num = 12345
Output: “Twelve Thousand Three Hundred Forty Five”

Example 3:

Input: num = 1234567
Output: “One Million Two Hundred Thirty Four Thousand Five Hundred Sixty Seven”

Constraints:

• $0<=num<=2^{31}-1$

From: LeetCode
Link: 273. Integer to English Words

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Solution:

Ideas:

1. Arrays for Words:

• below_20: Words for numbers from 0 to 19.
• tens: Words for multiples of ten (20, 30, …, 90).
• thousands: Words for large numbers (thousand, million, billion).

2. Helper Function:

• The helper function recursively converts numbers less than 1000 to words.

3. Main Conversion Function:

• The numberToWords function handles the division of the number into thousands, millions, etc.
• It concatenates the results from the helper function with the appropriate thousand, million, or billion labels.
• It ensures there are no trailing spaces in the final result.

4. Memory Management:

• The result is stored in a dynamically allocated string. Don’t forget to free the allocated memory after use.

Code:

const char* below_20[] = {
    "Zero", "One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five", "Six", "Seven", "Eight", "Nine", 
    "Ten", "Eleven", "Twelve", "Thirteen", "Fourteen", "Fifteen", "Sixteen", 
    "Seventeen", "Eighteen", "Nineteen"
};

const char* tens[] = {
    "", "", "Twenty", "Thirty", "Forty", "Fifty", "Sixty", "Seventy", "Eighty", "Ninety"
};

const char* thousands[] = {
    "", "Thousand", "Million", "Billion"
};

void helper(int num, char* result) {
    if (num == 0) return;
    
    if (num < 20) {
        strcat(result, below_20[num]);
        strcat(result, " ");
    } else if (num < 100) {
        strcat(result, tens[num / 10]);
        strcat(result, " ");
        helper(num % 10, result);
    } else if (num < 1000) {
        helper(num / 100, result);
        strcat(result, "Hundred ");
        helper(num % 100, result);
    }
}

char* numberToWords(int num) {
    if (num == 0) {
        char* result = (char*)malloc(5 * sizeof(char));
        strcpy(result, "Zero");
        return result;
    }
    
    char* result = (char*)malloc(1024 * sizeof(char));  // Allocating enough space for the result
    result[0] = '\0';  // Initializing the result string
    
    int i = 0;
    while (num > 0) {
        if (num % 1000 != 0) {
            char temp[1024] = "";
            helper(num % 1000, temp);
            if (strlen(thousands[i]) > 0) {
                strcat(temp, thousands[i]);
                strcat(temp, " ");
            }
            strcat(temp, result);
            strcpy(result, temp);
        }
        num /= 1000;
        i++;
    }
    
    // Remove trailing space
    int len = strlen(result);
    if (len > 0 && result[len - 1] == ' ') {
        result[len - 1] = '\0';
    }
    
    return result;
}