Java IO system(输入输出系统）

Java1.0中所有与输入有关的类都继承自InputStream，此类包含用于读取单个字节或字节数组的read（）方法。所有与输出有关的类都继承自OutputStream，这个类包含用于写入单个字节或字节数组的write（）方法。

1. InputStream类型

字节数组：ByteArrayInputStream， 内存缓冲区作为InputStream使用

String对象：StringBufferInputStream， 将一个String转化成InputStream的一个String，采用一个StringBuffer作为数据源

文件：FileInputStream，从文件中读取信息，将File或者FileDescriptor作为数据源

管道：PipedInputStream，为相关的PipedOutputStream提供数据源

连接：SequenceInputStream，将多个InputStream对象转化成单个InputStream使用

过滤器：FilterInputStream，过滤InputStream的数据源

2. OutputStream类型

衍生自这个类的类决定我们的输入去往何处

字节数组：ByteArrayOutputStream，内存中的缓冲区

文件：FileOutputStream，输出到文件

管道：PipedOutputStream，自动成为相关PipedInputStream的输出

过滤器：FilterOutputStream，过滤OutputStream的输出

3. FilterInputStream

FilterInputStream用于完成两类事情：读取不同的基本类型数据及String对象（DataInputStream），修改InputStream内部行为如是否进行缓冲

DataInputStream：与DataOutputStream联合使用，读取一个流中的基本数据类型

BufferedInputStream：预先读入缓冲，加快读取速度

LineNumberInputStream：跟踪输入流中的行号

PushbackInputStream：有一个字节的后推缓冲，可后推读入的上一个字符

4. FilterOutputStream

DataOutputStream：与DataInputStream配合使用，将基本数据类型写入OutputStream，使得任何机器上的DataInputStream都能正常读取

PrintStream：用于产生格式化输出

BufferedOutputStream：要求先写入缓冲区

5. RandomAccessFile

RandomAccessFile用于包含了已知长度记录的文件，我们可用seek（）从一条记录移动至另一条，读取或修改记录。RandomAccessFile不属于InputStream OutputStream系统，而是直接继承自Object。

6. IO流的典型应用

package com.test;

import java.io.*;

public class IOTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			//Buffered input file
			DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(
					new FileInputStream(args[0]));
			String s, s2 = new String();
			while ((s = in.readLine()) != null) {
				s2 += s + "/n";
			}
			in.close();
			
			//Input from memory
			StringBufferInputStream in2 = new StringBufferInputStream(s2);
			
			int c;
			while ((c = in2.read()) != -1) {
				System.out.print((char)c);
			}
			
			//Formatted memory input
			try {
				DataInputStream in3 = new DataInputStream(
						new StringBufferInputStream(s2));
				while (true) {
					System.out.print((char)in3.readByte());
				}
			} catch (EOFException e) {
				System.out.println("End of stream");
			}
			
			//Line numbering & file output
			try {
				LineNumberInputStream li = new LineNumberInputStream(
						new StringBufferInputStream(s2));
				DataInputStream in4 = new DataInputStream(li);
				
				PrintStream out1 = new PrintStream(
						new BufferedOutputStream(
								new FileOutputStream("IODemo.out")));
				while ((s = in4.readLine()) != null) {
					out1.println("Line " + li.getLineNumber() + s);
				}
				out1.close();
			} catch (EOFException e) {
				System.out.println("End of Stream");
			}
			
			//Storing and recovering data
			try {
				DataOutputStream out2 = new DataOutputStream(
						new BufferedOutputStream(
								new FileOutputStream("Data.txt")));
				out2.writeBytes("Here's the value of pi: \n");
				out2.writeDouble(3.141592);
				out2.close();
				DataInputStream in5 = new DataInputStream(
						new BufferedInputStream(
								new FileInputStream("Data.txt")));
				System.out.println(in5.readLine());
				System.out.println(in5.readDouble());
			} catch (EOFException e) {
				System.out.println("End of stream");
			}
			
			//Reading/writing radom access file
			RandomAccessFile rf = new RandomAccessFile("rtest.dat", "rw");
			for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
				rf.writeDouble(i*1.414);
			}
			rf.close();
			
			rf = new RandomAccessFile("rtest.dat", "rw");
			rf.seek(5*8);
			rf.writeDouble(47.0001);;
			rf.close();
			
			rf = new RandomAccessFile("rtest.dat", "r");
			for (int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
				System.out.println("Value " + i + ": " + rf.readDouble());
			}
			rf.close();
			
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			System.out.println("File not found:" + args[0]);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println("IO Exception");
		}
	}
}

Java1.1 IO System

Java1.1保留了原来的InputStream和OutputStream系统，但是引入了新的Reader和Writer类实现了另一中IO设计方案。这两种系统可通过桥类转换，InputStreamReader将InputStream转换成Reader，OutputStreamWriter将OutputStream转换成Writer。新IO系统中添加了与之前对应的类，如下：

Java1.0	Java1.1
InputStream	Reader converter：InputStreamReader
OutputStream	Writer converter：OutputStreamWriter
FileInputStream	FileReader
FileOutputStream	FileWriter
StringBufferInputStream	StringReader
没有对应类	StringWriter
ByteArrayInputStream	CharArrayReader
ByteArrayOutputStream	CharArrayWriter
PipedyInputStream	PipedReader
PipedyOutputStream	PipedWriter

过滤器：

Java1.0	Java1.1
FilterInputStream	FilterReader
FilterOutputStream	FilterWriter
BufferedInputStream	BufferedReader 含有readline（）
BufferedOutputStream	BufferedWriter
DataInputStream	DataInputStream 用到readline()时需要BufferedReader
PrintStream	PrintWriter
LineNumberInputStream	LineNumberReader
StreamTokenizer	StreamTokenizer
PushBackInputStream	PushBackReader

为改变的类：

DataOutputStream

File

RandomAccessFile

SequenceInputStream