FFmpeg代码实现视频转jpg图片

 如何把视频保存成图片呢？其实我们很早就知道，视频实际上就是由一帧帧的图像组成，只不过是动起来的图像，那么就不难理解怎么把视频存成图片了。在这里，我使用了FFmpeg编解码的方式，处理流程如下：

 先看看，我的处理流程：

  (1).打开视频文件;(2)获取视频流;(3)找到对应的解码器;(4).初始化解码器上下文；(5).设置编解码器参数；(6)打开解码器；(7)读取视频帧；(8)发送等待解码帧；(9).接收解码帧数据;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {//解码视频
int ret;
const char *in_filename, *out_filename;
AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx = NULL;

const AVCodec *codec;
AVCodecContext *codeCtx = NULL;

AVStream *stream = NULL;
int stream_index;

AVPacket avpkt;

int frame_count;
AVFrame *frame;


if (argc <= 2) {
    printf("Usage: %s <input file> <output file>\n", argv[0]);
    exit(0);
}
in_filename = argv[1];
out_filename = argv[2];

// 1
if (avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx, in_filename, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
    printf("Could not open source file %s\n", in_filename);
    exit(1);
}

if (avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, NULL) < 0) {
    printf("Could not find stream information\n");
    exit(1);
}

av_dump_format(fmt_ctx, 0, in_filename, 0);

av_init_packet(&avpkt);
avpkt.data = NULL;
avpkt.size = 0;

 // 2
stream_index = av_find_best_stream(fmt_ctx, AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, -1, -1, NULL, 0);
if (ret < 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not find %s stream in input file '%s'\n",
            av_get_media_type_string(AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO), in_filename);
    return ret;
}

stream = fmt_ctx->streams[stream_index];

// 3
codec = avcodec_find_decoder(stream->codecpar->codec_id);
if (codec == NULL) {
    return -1;
}

// 4
codeCtx = avcodec_alloc_context3(NULL);
if (!codeCtx) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n");
    exit(1);
}


// 5
if ((ret = avcodec_parameters_to_context(codeCtx, stream->codecpar)) < 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to copy %s codec parameters to decoder context\n",
            av_get_media_type_string(AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO));
    return ret;
}

// 6
avcodec_open2(codeCtx, codec, NULL);


//初始化frame，解码后数据
frame = av_frame_alloc();
if (!frame) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
    exit(1);
}

frame_count = 0;
char buf[1024];
// 7
while (av_read_frame(fmt_ctx, &avpkt) >= 0) {
    if (avpkt.stream_index == stream_index) {
        // 8
        int re = avcodec_send_packet(codeCtx, &avpkt);
        if (re < 0) {
            continue;
        }
        
        // 9 这里必须用while()，因为一次avcodec_receive_frame可能无法接收到所有数据
        while (avcodec_receive_frame(codeCtx, frame) == 0) {
            // 拼接图片路径、名称
            snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/picture-%d.jpg", out_filename, frame_count);
            savePicture(frame, buf); //保存为jpg图片
        }

        frame_count++;
    }
    av_packet_unref(&avpkt);
}

}
int savePicture(AVFrame *pFrame, char *out_name) {//编码保存图片

int width = pFrame->width;
int height = pFrame->height;
AVCodecContext *pCodeCtx = NULL;


AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();
// 设置输出文件格式
pFormatCtx->oformat = av_guess_format("mjpeg", NULL, NULL);

// 创建并初始化输出AVIOContext
if (avio_open(&pFormatCtx->pb, out_name, AVIO_FLAG_READ_WRITE) < 0) {
    printf("Couldn't open output file.");
    return -1;
}

// 构建一个新stream
AVStream *pAVStream = avformat_new_stream(pFormatCtx, 0);
if (pAVStream == NULL) {
    return -1;
}

AVCodecParameters *parameters = pAVStream->codecpar;
parameters->codec_id = pFormatCtx->oformat->video_codec;
parameters->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
parameters->format = AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ420P;
parameters->width = pFrame->width;
parameters->height = pFrame->height;

AVCodec *pCodec = avcodec_find_encoder(pAVStream->codecpar->codec_id);

if (!pCodec) {
    printf("Could not find encoder\n");
    return -1;
}

pCodeCtx = avcodec_alloc_context3(pCodec);
if (!pCodeCtx) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n");
    exit(1);
}

if ((avcodec_parameters_to_context(pCodeCtx, pAVStream->codecpar)) < 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to copy %s codec parameters to decoder context\n",
            av_get_media_type_string(AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO));
    return -1;
}

pCodeCtx->time_base = (AVRational) {1, 25};

if (avcodec_open2(pCodeCtx, pCodec, NULL) < 0) {
    printf("Could not open codec.");
    return -1;
}

int ret = avformat_write_header(pFormatCtx, NULL);
if (ret < 0) {
    printf("write_header fail\n");
    return -1;
}

int y_size = width * height;

//Encode
// 给AVPacket分配足够大的空间
AVPacket pkt;
av_new_packet(&pkt, y_size * 3);

// 编码数据
ret = avcodec_send_frame(pCodeCtx, pFrame);
if (ret < 0) {
    printf("Could not avcodec_send_frame.");
    return -1;
}

// 得到编码后数据
ret = avcodec_receive_packet(pCodeCtx, &pkt);
if (ret < 0) {
    printf("Could not avcodec_receive_packet");
    return -1;
}

ret = av_write_frame(pFormatCtx, &pkt);

if (ret < 0) {
    printf("Could not av_write_frame");
    return -1;
}

av_packet_unref(&pkt);

//Write Trailer
av_write_trailer(pFormatCtx);


avcodec_close(pCodeCtx);
avio_close(pFormatCtx->pb);
avformat_free_context(pFormatCtx);

return 0;

}
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版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「西北老码农」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/fanyun_01/article/details/90229765