【转译】Google C++ 编程风格指南【0】

转载：软考测试平台http://rktest.cn/personal/post/3.html

Google参与的开源项目大都使用C++语言，前段时间看到Google C++ Style Guide，很想翻译一下，但今天在cppblog上看到Fox已经这么做了。

Background

C++ is the main development language used by many of Google's open-source projects. As every C++ programmer knows, the language has many powerful features, but this power brings with it complexity, which in turn can make code more bug-prone and harder to read and maintain.

The goal of this guide is to manage this complexity by describing in detail the dos and don'ts of writing C++ code. These rules exist to keep the code base manageable while still allowing coders to use C++ language features productively.

Style, also known as readability, is what we call the conventions that govern our C++ code. The term Style is a bit of a misnomer, since these conventions cover far more than just source file formatting.

One way in which we keep the code base manageable is by enforcing consistency. It is very important that any programmer be able to look at another's code and quickly understand it. Maintaining a uniform style and following conventions means that we can more easily use "pattern-matching" to infer what various symbols are and what invariants are true about them. Creating common, required idioms and patterns makes code much easier to understand. In some cases there might be good arguments for changing certain style rules, but we nonetheless keep things as they are in order to preserve consistency.

Another issue this guide addresses is that of C++ feature bloat. C++ is a huge language with many advanced features. In some cases we constrain, or even ban, use of certain features. We do this to keep code simple and to avoid the various common errors and problems that these features can cause. This guide lists these features and explains why their use is restricted.

Open-source projects developed by Google conform to the requirements in this guide.

Note that this guide is not a C++ tutorial: we assume that the reader is familiar with the language.

• 背景

Google的开源项目大多使用C++开发。每一个C++程序员也都知道，C++具有很多强大的语言特性，但这种强大不可避免的导致它的复杂，这种复杂会使得代码更易于出现bug、难于阅读和维护。

本指南的目的是通过详细阐述在C++编码时要怎样写、不要怎样写来规避其复杂性。这些规则可在允许代码有效使用C++语言特性的同时使其易于管理。

风格，也被视为可读性，主要指称管理C++代码的习惯。使用术语风格有点用词不当，因为这些习惯远不止源代码文件格式这么简单。

使代码易于管理的方法之一是增强代码一致性，让别人可以读懂你的代码是很重要的，保持统一编程风格意味着可以轻松根据“模式匹配”规则推断各种符号的含义。创建通用的、必需的习惯用语和模式可以使代码更加容易理解，在某些情况下改变一些编程风格可能会是好的选择，但我们还是应该遵循一致性原则，尽量不这样去做。

本指南的另一个观点是C++特性的臃肿。C++是一门包含大量高级特性的巨型语言，某些情况下，我们会限制甚至禁止使用某些特性使代码简化，避免可能导致的各种问题，指南中列举了这类特性，并解释说为什么这些特性是被限制使用的。

由Google开发的开源项目将遵照本指南约定。

注意：本指南并非C++教程，我们假定读者已经对C++非常熟悉