oracle create database

手工创建数据库完整步骤

系统环境

操作系统：RedHat 9.2

数据库：Oracle 9i

安装路径：/home/oracle

1、手工创建相关目录

/home/oracle/admin/web

/home/oracle/admin/web/bdump

/home/oracle/admin/web/udump

/home/oracle/admin/web/cdump

/home/oracle/admin/web/pfile

/home/oracle/admin/web/create

/home/oracle/admin/web/web

/home/oracle/admin/web/archive

 

/home/oracle/oradata

/home/oracle/oradata/web

/home/oracle/oradata/web/archive

2、手工创建初始化参数文件/home/oracle/admin/web/pfile/initweb.ora，内容可以copy别的实例initsid.ora文件后修改。

3、手工创建/home/oracle/OraHome1/dbs/initweb.ora文件，

内容：ifile= /home/oracle/admin/web/pfile/initweb.ora

4、使用orapwd命令，创建口令文件orapwdsid,命令格式如下：

   orapwd file=/home/oracle/OraHome1/dbs/orapwweb  password=change_on_install entries=5

5、设置环境变量

export PATH  LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.1

export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/OraHome1

export ORACLE_SID=web

export ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data

export PATH=$PATH: $ORACLE_HOME/bin

6、创建数据库，执行createdb.sql脚本命令，

$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL>connect sys/change_on_install as sysdba

SQL>@Createdb.sql

Createdb.sql脚本内容如下：

set echo on

spool /home/oracle/admin/web/create/CreateDB.log

startup nomount pfile="/home/oracle/admin/web/pfile/initweb.ora";

CREATE DATABASE web

MAXINSTANCES 1

MAXLOGHISTORY 1

MAXLOGFILES 5

MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

MAXDATAFILES 100

DATAFILE '/home/oracle/oradata/web/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOSTB1" DATAFILE '/home/oracle/oradata/web/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16

LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/home/oracle/oradata/web/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,

GROUP 2 ('/home/oracle/oradata/web/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,

GROUP 3 ('/home/oracle/oradata/web/redo03.log') SIZE 100M;

spool off

注：创建数据库时，执行sql.bsqj脚本命令，此脚本命令创建如下内容：

   创建控制文件和联机日志文件

   创建数据库系统表空system

   在system表空间上创建system系统回滚段

   创建sys和system账号

   创建基表和簇

   创建数据字典表、索引和序列

   创建相关角色权限

7、创建数据库数据文件，执行脚本createfiles.sql

$sqlplus /nolog

SQL> connect sys/change_on_install as sysdba

SQL>@createfiles.sql

Createfiles.sql脚本内容如下：

set echo on

spool /home/oracle/admin/web/create/CreateDBFiles.log

CREATE TABLESPACE "INDX" LOGGING DATAFILE '/home/oracle/oradata/web/indx01.dbf' SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP" TEMPFILE '/home/oracle/oradata/web/temp01.dbf' SIZE 40M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP";

CREATE TABLESPACE "TOOLS" LOGGING DATAFILE '/home/oracle/oradata/web/tools01.dbf' SIZE 10M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  320K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

CREATE TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING DATAFILE '/home/oracle/oradata/web/users01.dbf' SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOSTB1" DATAFILE '/home/oracle/oradata/web/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  5120K;

spool off

exit;

~8、创建数据字典，运行createdbcatalog.sql脚本命令

$sqlplus /nolog

SQL> connect sys/change_on_install as sysdba

SQL>@createdbcatalog.sql

Createdbcatalog.sql脚本内容如下：

 

set echo on

spool /home/oracle/admin/web/create/CreateDBCatalog.log

@/home/oracle/OraHome1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql;

@/home/oracle/OraHome1/rdbms/admin/catexp7.sql;

@/home/oracle/OraHome1/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql;

@/home/oracle/OraHome1/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql;

@/home/oracle/OraHome1/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql;

@/home/oracle/OraHome1/rdbms/admin/catobtk.sql;

@/home/oracle/OraHome1/rdbms/admin/caths.sql;

@/home/oracle/OraHome1/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb;

connect SYSTEM/manager

@/home/oracle/OraHome1/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql;

connect SYSTEM/manager

set echo on

spool /home/oracle/OraHome1/assistants/dbca/logs/sqlPlusHelp.log

@/home/oracle/OraHome1/sqlplus/admin/help/hlpbld.sql helpus.sql;

spool off

spool off

exit;9、完善数据库,创建spfile文件，将数据库实例启动服务设置成自动启动方式。

SQL>sqlplus /nolog

SQL> connect sys/change_on_install as sysdba

SQL> @postdbcreation.sql

Postdbcreation.sql脚本内容如下：

set echo on

spool /home/oracle/admin/web/create/postDBCreation.log

create spfile='/home/oracle/OraHome1/database/spfileweb.ora' FROM pfile='/home/oracle/admin/web/pfile/initweb.ora';

connect SYS/change_on_install as SYSDBA

set echo on

spool /home/oracle/OraHome1/assistants/dbca/logs/postDBCreation.log

shutdown;

startup;

 

注：1.如果create undo tablespace 出错，initweb.ora可能需要添加

undo_management=AUTO

undo_tablespace=UNDOSTB1

2．Create db 中的错误日志在/home/oracle/oradata/web/bdump

3. 密码文件可以多个库共享则文件名为orapw，同时需要在pfile文件指明为共享模式

否则密码文件为orapwsid.，找不到此文件，则找orapw文件