简介
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说,可以这样认为,当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器,可利用它响应HTML(标准通用标记语言下的一个应用)页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache 服务器的扩展,但运行时它是独立运行的,所以当你运行tomcat 时,它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
诀窍是,当配置正确时,Apache 为HTML页面服务,而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP 页面和Servlet。另外,Tomcat和IIS等Web服务器一样,具有处理HTML页面的功能,另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器,独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过,Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为9.0。
tomcat就是传说中的中间件之一,tomcat本身是一个容器,专门用来运行java程序,java语言开发的网页.jsp就应该运行于tomcat中。而tomcat本身的运行也依赖于jdk环境。
tomcat应用场景:lnmt
https://tomcat.apache.org/
tomcat 官网
tomcat项目部署
安装java环境
[root@RS1 src]# yum -y install java-11-openjdk*
#下载tomcat
[root@RS1 src]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.53/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.53.tar.gz
#解压部署
[root@RS1 src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.53.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@RS1 src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@RS1 local]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.53 bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@RS1 local]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.53 tomcat
#写一个java页面
[root@RS1 ~]# cat > index.jsp <<EOF
> <html>
> <head>
> <title>test page</title>
> </head>
> <body>
> <%
> out.println("Hello World");
> %>
> </body>
> </html>
> EOF
[root@RS1 ~]# mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
[root@RS1 ~]# cp index.jsp /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/
#启动、停止tomcat脚本
[root@RS1 ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin/
[root@RS1 bin]# ls
bootstrap.jar ciphers.sh daemon.sh setclasspath.bat startup.sh version.bat
catalina.bat commons-daemon.jar digest.bat setclasspath.sh tomcat-juli.jar version.sh
catalina.sh commons-daemon-native.tar.gz digest.sh shutdown.bat tomcat-native.tar.gz
catalina-tasks.xml configtest.bat makebase.bat shutdown.sh tool-wrapper.bat
ciphers.bat configtest.sh makebase.sh startup.bat tool-wrapper.sh
#启动tomcat
[root@RS1 bin]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@RS1 bin]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
#必须有8005端口才能用脚本停止服务
web页面管理
#修改配置文件
[root@RS1 conf]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
<!--
<role rolename="tomcat"/>
<role rolename="role1"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="<must-be-changed>" roles="tomcat"/>
<user username="both" password="<must-be-changed>" roles="tomcat,role1"/>
<user username="role1" password="<must-be-changed>" roles="role1"/>
-->
<role rolename="admin-gui"/> #加入此行
<role rolename="manager-gui"/> #加入此行
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/> #加入此行
</tomcat-users>
[root@RS1 ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@RS1 webapps]# ls
docs examples host-manager manager ROOT test
[root@RS1 manager]# vim META-INF/context.xml
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="192\.168\.8\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" /> #加入本机网段
<Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filter
[root@RS1 webapps]# vim host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
allow="192\.168\.8\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" /> #加入本机网段
#重启服务
[root@RS1 manager]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
NOTE: Picked up JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
[root@RS1 manager]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@RS1 manager]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.
[root@RS1 manager]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
停止后test项目将无法访问
一台主机部署多台tomcat
#修改端口号
[root@RS1 ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
[root@RS1 conf]# vim server.xml
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
redirectPort="8443" />