YAML语言
YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式,是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读,容易和脚本语言交互,用来表达资料序列的编程语言。
它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言,语法比XML简单很多。
YAML语言的格式如下:
house:
family:
name: Doe
parents:
- John
- Jane
children:
- Paul
- Mark
- Simone
address:
number: 34
street: Main Street
city: Nowheretown
zipcode: 12345
YAML的基本规则:
- 使用缩进来表示层级关系,每层2个空格,禁止使用TAB键
- 当冒号不是处于最后时,冒号后面必须有一个空格
- 用 - 表示列表,- 的后面必须有一个空格
- 用 # 表示注释
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
...此处省略N行
file_roots:
base:
- /srv/salt/base
test:
- /srv/salt/test
dev:
- /srv/salt/dev
prod:
- /srv/salt/prod
...此处省略N行
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test
4 directories, 0 files
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
需要注意:base是默认的位置,如果file_roots只有一个,则base是必备的且必须叫base,不能改名
用saltsttack配置安装apache
在master上部署sls配置文件
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/apache
[root@master base]# cat web/apache/install.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: httpd
apache-service:
service.running:
- name: httpd
- enable: True
// YAML 配置文件中顶格写的被称作ID,必须全局唯一,不能重复
// SaltStack 读 YAML 配置文件时是从上往下读,所以要把先执行的写在前面
[root@master base]# salt '192.168.8.131' state.sls web.apache.install
192.168.8.131:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
Started: 22:04:50.543244
Duration: 16489.942 ms
Changes:
----------
apr:
----------
new:
1.6.3-11.el8
old:
apr-util:
----------
new:
1.6.1-6.el8
old:
apr-util-bdb:
----------
new:
1.6.1-6.el8
old:
apr-util-openssl:
----------
new:
1.6.1-6.el8
old:
centos-logos-httpd:
----------
new:
85.8-1.el8
old:
httpd:
----------
new:
2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
old:
httpd-filesystem:
----------
new:
2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
old:
httpd-tools:
----------
new:
2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
old:
mailcap:
----------
new:
2.1.48-3.el8
old:
mod_http2:
----------
new:
1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab
old:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
Started: 22:05:07.062470
Duration: 1708.023 ms
Changes:
----------
httpd:
True
Summary for 192.168.8.131
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 18.198 s
在minion上查看
[root@node1 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 22:05:08 CST; 1min 36s ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Main PID: 2282 (httpd)
Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
Tasks: 213 (limit: 11300)
Memory: 25.9M
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─2282 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─2287 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─2288 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─2289 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─2290 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
top file
直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗?答案是否定的,因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务,自动化应该是我们让它干活时,它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活,但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的,为了解决这个问题,top file 应运而生。
top file就是一个入口,top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出,且此文件必须在 base 环境中,默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。
top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活,比如让web服务器启动web服务,让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。
top file 实例:
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# cat top.sls
base: #执行状态文件的环境
'node1': #执行状态危机的目标
- web.apache.install #执行的状态文件
'node2':
- web.mysql.install
[root@master base]# vim web/apache/install.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: httpd
apache-service:
service.running:
- name: httpd
- enable: True
[root@master base]# vim web/mysql/install.sls
mariadb-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: mariadb-server
mariadb-service:
service.running:
- name: mariadb
- enable: True
#使用高级状态执行
[root@master base]# salt 'node*' state.highstate
node1:
----------
···
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 1.515 s
#查看minion的httpd状态
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 22:30:26 CST; 1h 28min ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mariadb.service
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.3 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 23:56:34 CST; 2min 45s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
高级状态highstate的使用
管理SaltStack时一般最常用的管理操作就是执行高级状态
[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate //生产环境禁止这样使用salt命令
注意:
上面让所有人执行高级状态,但实际工作当中,一般不会这么用,工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态,具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的。
若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True,则它会告诉我们它将会做什么,但是它不会真的去执行这个操作。
#停掉minion上的httpd
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2021-11-02 22:18:16 CST; 4s ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
#在master上执行高级状态的测试
[root@master base]# salt 'node1' state.highstate test=True
node1:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 22:19:07.932403
Duration: 1205.456 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: None
Comment: Service httpd is set to start
Started: 22:19:09.141532
Duration: 83.607 ms
Changes:
Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 1.289 s
//以上操作只测试执行结果,不会去实际执行