C++：默认成员函数

在C++11前，类中默认的成员函数有4个，分别是：

1.Default constructor
2.Copy constructor
3.Copy assignment operator
4.Destructor

C++11之后，又新增了两个：

5.Move Constructor
6.Move Assignment Operator

 下面举一个字符串类的例子，来说明这6个函数一般是如何实现方式的：

// tstring.h

class TString {

private:

	char* m_data = nullptr;

	int m_length = 0;

public:

	// Default constructor
	TString();

	// Copy constructor
	TString(const TString& srcStr);

	// Copy assignment operator
	TString& operator=(const TString& srcStr);

	// Destructor
	~TString();

	// Move Constructor
	TString(TString&& srcStr);

	//  Move Assignment Operator
	TString& operator=(TString&& srcStr);

	//------------------------------------------
	// Self-Defined constructor
	TString(const char* src);

	int length();

	static int strlen(const char* src);

	static char* strcpy(char* dst, const char* src);
};

//tsring.cpp

#include "tsring.h"
#include <cassert>

int TString::strlen(const char* src) {
	int len = 0;

	if (src == nullptr) {
		len = 0;
	}
	else {
		const char *temp = src;

		while (*temp++ != '\0') {
			len++;
		}
	}

	return len;
};

char* TString::strcpy(char* dst, const char* src) {
	assert(dst != nullptr && src != nullptr);

	char* temp = dst;
	while ((*temp = *src) != '\0') {
		temp++;
		src++;
	};

	return temp;
};

TString::TString(const char* src) {
	if (src != nullptr) {
		char *temp = new char[strlen(src) + 1];
		assert(nullptr != temp);
		m_data = strcpy(temp, src);
	}
	else {
		m_data = new char[1];
		assert(nullptr != m_data);
		*m_data = '\0';
	}

	m_length = strlen(m_data);
};

int TString::length() {
	return m_length;
};

//------------------------------------------
TString::TString() {
	m_data = new char[1];
	assert(nullptr != m_data);
	*m_data = '\0';
};

TString::TString(const TString& srcStr) {
	char *temp = new char[srcStr.m_length + 1];
	assert(nullptr != temp);
	strcpy(temp, srcStr.m_data);

	m_data = temp;
	m_length = srcStr.m_length;
};

TString& TString::operator=(const TString& srcStr) {
	if (this == &srcStr) {
		return *this;
	}

	char *temp = new char[srcStr.m_length + 1];
	assert(nullptr != temp);
	strcpy(temp, srcStr.m_data);

	delete[] m_data;
	m_data = temp;
	m_length = srcStr.m_length;

	return *this;
};

TString::~TString() {
	delete[] m_data;

	m_data = nullptr;
	m_length = 0;
};

TString::TString(TString&& srcStr) {
	m_data = srcStr.m_data;
	m_length = srcStr.m_length;

	srcStr.m_data = nullptr;
	srcStr.m_length = 0;
};

TString& TString::operator=(TString&& srcStr) {
	if (this == &srcStr) {
		return *this;
	}

	m_data = srcStr.m_data;
	m_length = srcStr.m_length;

	srcStr.m_data = nullptr;
	srcStr.m_length = 0;

	return *this;
};

另外，需要说明的是，不存在如下形式的构造函数，因为它会造成无限递归调用，最终导致栈溢出

TString(TString srcStr);

参考文档
Constructors (C++)
C++ Rvalue References Explained
详解C++右值引用
Constructors in C++11