装饰器模式

定义与类型

• 在不改变原有对象的基础之上，将功能附加到对象上
• 提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案（扩展原有对象功能）
• 类型：结构型

适用场景

• 扩展一个类的功能或者给一个类添加附加职责
• 动态的给一个对象添加功能，这些功能可以再动态的撤销

优点

• 继承的有力补充，比继承灵活，不改变原有对象的情况下给一个对象扩展功能
• 通过使用不同装饰类以及这些装饰类的排列组合，可以实现不同效果
• 复合符合开闭原则

缺点

• 会出现更多的代码，更多的类，增加程序复杂性
• 动态装饰时，多层装饰时会更加复杂

下面看代码：

package design.director.v1;

public class BatterCake {
    protected String getDesc(){
        return "煎饼";
    }

    protected int cost(){
        return 8;
    }
}

package design.director.v1;

public class BatterCakeWithEag extends BatterCake {
    @Override
    public String getDesc() {
        return super.getDesc() + "加一根香肠一个鸡蛋";
    }

    @Override
    public int cost() {
        return super.cost()+4;
    }
}

package design.director.v1;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BatterCake batterCake = new BatterCake();
        System.out.println(batterCake.getDesc() + "销售价格："+batterCake.cost());


        BatterCake batterCakeWithEag = new BatterCakeWithEag();
        System.out.println(batterCakeWithEag.getDesc() + "销售价格："+batterCakeWithEag.cost());



    }
}

如果要我想要一个加2个鸡蛋的煎饼，这个程序就又要加一个类，就可能会发生类爆炸。现在装饰器模式用上了。

package design.director.v2;

public abstract class ABatterCake {
    protected abstract String getDesc();
    protected abstract int cost();
}

package design.director.v2;

public class AbstractDecorator extends ABatterCake {

    private ABatterCake aBatterCake;

    public AbstractDecorator(ABatterCake aBatterCake) {
        this.aBatterCake = aBatterCake;
    }

    @Override
    protected String getDesc() {
        return this.aBatterCake.getDesc();
    }

    @Override
    protected int cost() {
        return this.aBatterCake.cost();
    }
}

package design.director.v2;

public class BatterCake extends ABatterCake {
    @Override
    protected String getDesc() {
        return "煎饼";
    }

    @Override
    protected int cost() {
        return 8;
    }
}

package design.director.v2;

public class EaggDecorator extends AbstractDecorator {
    public EaggDecorator(ABatterCake aBatterCake) {
        super(aBatterCake);
    }

    @Override
    protected String getDesc() {
        return super.getDesc() + "加一个鸡蛋 ";
    }

    @Override
    protected int cost() {
        return super.cost() + 2;
    }
}

package design.director.v2;

public class SuasageDecorator extends AbstractDecorator{
    public SuasageDecorator(ABatterCake aBatterCake) {
        super(aBatterCake);
    }

    @Override
    protected String getDesc() {
        return super.getDesc() + " 加一个香肠 ";
    }

    @Override
    protected int cost() {
        return super.cost()+2;
    }
}

package design.director.v2;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ABatterCake aBatterCake ;
        aBatterCake = new BatterCake();
        aBatterCake = new EaggDecorator(aBatterCake);
        aBatterCake = new EaggDecorator(aBatterCake);
        aBatterCake = new SuasageDecorator(aBatterCake);

        System.out.println(aBatterCake.getDesc() + "销售价格："+aBatterCake.cost());
    }
}