Linux Oracle服务启动&停止脚本与开机自启动

在RedHat 5.5下安装完Oracle 11g，重开机之后，你会发现Oracle没有自行启动，这是正常的，因为在Linux下安装Oracle的确不会自行启动，必须要自行设定相关参数，首先先介绍一般而言如何启动oracle。

[b]一、在Linux下启动Oracle[/b]

登录到Linux，切换到oracle用户权限

# su – oracle

接着输入：

$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

原本的画面会变为
SQL>

接着请输入
SQL> startup

就可以正常的启动数据库了。


另外停止数据库的指令如下：
SQL> shutdown immediate

[b]二、检查Oracle DB监听器是否正常[/b]

回到终端机模式，输入：

$ lsnrctl status

检查看看监听器是否有启动


如果没有启动，可以输入：
$ lsnrctl start

启动监听器


SQL> conn sys/sys as sysdba
成功后以管理员身份登入数据库。


[b]三、启动emctl[/b]

另外也可以发现http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em 目前是没有反应的，这边要另外启动，启动的指令如下：

$ emctl start dbconsole
这个指令运行时间较长，如果报错，请参考本博客另外一篇配置Em的文章


手动启动Oracle数据库完毕，下面创建系统自行启动Oracle的脚本。

[b]四、Oracle启动&停止脚本[/b]

1. 修改Oracle系统配置文件：/etc/oratab，只有这样，Oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。

# vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/opt/oracle/102:Y
# Entries are of the form:
# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
2. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建文件oracle，内容如下：

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#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 35 80 10
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.

#
# Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.
ORA_HOME=/opt/oracle/102
ORA_OWNER=oracle
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case "$1" in
'start')
# Start the Oracle databases:
echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done"

# Start the Listener:
echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;

'stop')
# Stop the Oracle Listener:
echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle

# Stop the Oracle Database:
echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo ""
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
;;

'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac
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3. 改变文件权限
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle

4. 添加服务
# chkconfig --level 35 oracle on

5. 需要在关机或重启机器之前停止数据库，做一下操作
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle //关机
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle //重启

6. 使用方法
# service oracle start //启动oracle
# service oracle stop //关闭oracle
# service oracle restart //重启oracle

7. 测试

a. 开机自启动

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Last login: Mon Nov 26 19:57:06 2012 from 10.0.0.145
# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:07:33 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> set linesize 300;
SQL> set pagesize 30;
SQL> select * from scott.emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10

14 rows selected.

SQL>
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b. service oracle stop

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SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
# service oracle stop
Stoping Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ...
Done.

# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:17:20 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> set linesize 300;
SQL> set pagesize 30;
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
select * from scott.emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available


SQL>
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c. service oracle start

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SQL> Disconnected
[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
# service oracle start
Starting Oracle Databases ...
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
#
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d. service oracle restart

复制代码
# service oracle restart
Stoping Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ...
Done.

Starting Oracle Databases ...
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
#
复制代码


至此，Oracle服务启动&停止脚本与开机自启动设置完毕。