OC连载四-----Foundation框架——字典、日期、异常

/*******************NSDictionary************************/

        // 初始化一个字典
        NSDictionary *dic = [[ NSDictionary alloc ] initWithObjectsAndKeys : @"value" , @"key" , @"value1" , @"key1" , nil ];
        NSLog ( @"dic is %@" , dic);
       
        // 创建空的字典
        NSDictionary *nulldic = [ NSDictionary dictionary ];
        NSLog ( @"nulldic is %@" , nulldic);
       
        // 创建 Person 对象
        Person *zhangsan = [[ Person alloc ] init ];
        zhangsan. name = @" 张三 " ;
        zhangsan. age = 100 ;
       
        Person *lisi = [[ Person alloc ] init ];
        lisi. name = @" 李斯 " ;
        lisi. age = 200 ;
       
        Person *wangwu = [[ Person alloc ] init ];
        wangwu. name = @" 王武 " ;
        wangwu. age = 300 ;
       
       
        // 创建一个数组
        NSArray *names = @[ zhangsan, lisi, wangwu ] ;
        NSDictionary *dic2 = [ NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys : @"v1" , @"k1" , @"v2" , @"k2" , @"v3" , @"k3" , names, @"k4" , nil ];
        NSLog ( @"dic2 is %@" , dic2);
       
        // 从字典中取值，若 key 值不存在，则返回 null
        NSString *str1 = [dic2 objectForKey : @"k1" ];
        NSString *str2 = [dic2 objectForKey : @"k2" ];
        NSString *str3 = [dic2 objectForKey : @"k5" ];
        NSLog ( @"str1 is %@" , str1);
        NSLog ( @"str2 is %@" , str2);
        NSLog ( @"str3 is %@" , str3);
       
        // 取出字典中的数组的第一个元素的姓名
//        NSArray *arr = [dic2 objectForKey:@"k4"];
//        Person *ps = [arr objectAtIndex:0];
        // 嵌套调用
        Person *ps = [[dic2 objectForKey : @"k4" ] objectAtIndex : 0 ];
        NSLog ( @"ps name is %@" , ps. name );
       
        // 字典中键值对个数
        NSInteger count = dic2. count ;
        NSLog ( @"count is %ld" , count);
       
       
        // 取出字典中所有的 key
        NSArray *keys = [dic2 allKeys ];
        NSLog ( @"keys is %@" , keys);
       
       
        // 取出字典中所有的 value
        NSArray *values = [dic allValues ];
        NSLog ( @"values is %@" , values);
       
       
        // 字典的快速创建和取值
        NSDictionary *dic3 = @{ @"k1" : @"v1" , @"k2" : @"v2" , @"k1" : @"v1" , @"k1" : @"v1" , } ;
        NSString *v1 = dic3[ @"k1" ];
        NSLog ( @"dic3 is %@" , dic3);

        NSLog(@"v1 is %@", v1);

        /******************NSMutableDictionary***************************/
       
        // 初始化空的字典
        NSMutableDictionary *dic1 = [ NSMutableDictionary dictionary ];
       
        // 给字典预期的空间
        NSMutableDictionary *dic2 = [ NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity : 10 ];
       
        // 添加元素
        [dic1 setObject : @"v1" forKey : @"k1" ];
        [dic1 setObject : @"v2" forKey : @"k2" ];
        [dic1 setObject : @"v3" forKey : @"k3" ];
        [dic1 setObject : @"v4" forKey : @"k4" ];
        NSLog ( @"dic1 is %@" , dic1);
       
        // 设置键值对 , 若 key 已存在，则是修改 key 对应的 value ，如果不存在，则创建一个新的键值对
        [dic1 setObject : @"v5" forKey : @"k3" ];
        NSLog ( @"dic1 is %@" , dic1);
       
       
        // 删除元素
        [dic1 removeObjectForKey : @"k3" ];
        NSLog ( @"dic1 is %@" , dic1);
       
        // 删除所有元素
        [dic1 removeAllObjects ];
        NSLog ( @"dic1 is %@" , dic1);
       
       
        // 字典的遍历
        NSDictionary *dic = @{ @"k1" : @"v1" ,
                              @"k2" : @"v2" ,
                              @"k3" : @"v3" ,
                              @"k4" : @"v4" ,
                              @"k5" : @"v5" ,
                              @"k6" : @"v6" } ;
        NSArray *keys = [dic allKeys ];
        // 遍历字典
        // 普通遍历
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < dic. count ; i++) {
            // 获取 key
            NSString *key = [keys objectAtIndex :i];
            NSString *value = [dic objectForKey :key];
            NSLog ( @"key:%@------value:%@" , key, value);
        }
       
        // 快速遍历
        for ( id key in dic) {
            // 循环块
            id value = [dic objectForKey :key];
            NSLog ( @"key:%@------value:%@" , key, value);

        }

/*******************NSSet******************/
        // 初始化集合
        // 集合中没有重复元素，而且无序
        NSSet *set = [[ NSSet alloc ] initWithObjects : @"a" , @"b" , @"c" , nil ];
        NSLog ( @"set is %@" , set);
       
       
        // 类方法初始化
        NSSet *set1 = [ NSSet setWithObjects : @"1" , @"2" , @"3" , nil ];
        NSLog ( @"set1 is %@" , set1);
       
        // 获取集合中元素个数
        NSInteger count = [set1 count ];
        NSLog ( @"count is %ld" , count);
       
        // 获取集合中所有元素
        NSArray *arr = set1. allObjects ;
        NSLog ( @"arr is %@" , arr);
       
        // 获取集合中任意一个元素
        id value  = [set1 anyObject ];
        NSLog ( @"value is %@" , value);
       
       
        // 判断集合中是否含有你、某个元素
        BOOL isTure = [set1 containsObject : @"a" ];
        NSLog ( @"isTure is %d" , isTure);
       
       
       
       
        /*******************NSMutableSet******************/
        // 可变集合
        NSMutableSet *mutableSet = [ NSMutableSet set ];
        NSLog ( @"mutableSet is %@" , mutableSet);
        // 添加元素
        [mutableSet addObject : @"s" ];
        NSLog ( @"mutableSet is %@" , mutableSet);
       
        // 批量添加，通过数组
        NSArray *arr1 = @[ @"a" , @"x" , @"v" , @"n" ] ;
        [mutableSet addObjectsFromArray :arr1];
        NSLog ( @"mutableSet is %@" , mutableSet);
       
        // 删除元素
        [mutableSet removeObject : @"x" ];
        NSLog ( @"mutableSet is %@" , mutableSet);
       
        // 删除所有元素
//        [mutableSet removeAllObjects];
//        NSLog(@"mutableSet is %@", mutableSet);
       
       
        // 集合的遍历
        // 普通遍历 , 需要将集合转化为数组
        NSArray *arr2 = [mutableSet allObjects ];
        for ( int i = 0 ; i <  mutableSet. count ; i++) {
            NSString *str = arr2[i];
            // 不能直接通过下标取集合的元素，因为集合无序，没有下标
            NSLog ( @"str is %@" , str);
           
        }
       
        NSLog ( @"*********************************************************" );
       
        // 快速遍历
        for ( id value in mutableSet) {
            NSLog ( @"value is %@" , value);

        }

/***************NSValue*********************/
        //NSValue 可以包装任意类型
        // 创建一个结构体
        NSRange range = { 1 , 5 };
        // 将结构体包装成对象
        NSValue *value = [ NSValue value :&range withObjCType : @encode ( NSRange )];
        NSLog ( @"value is %@" , value);
       
        // 还原
        NSRange newRange;
        [value getValue :&newRange];
        NSLog ( @"newRange is %@" , NSStringFromRange (newRange));
       
       
        //NSNull
        // 表示一个空对象
        NSNull *null = [ NSNull null ];
        NSArray *arr = @[ @"1" , @"3" , @"2" ,null , @"3" ] ;

        NSLog(@"arr is %@", arr);

/****************NSNumber**************************/
        // 封装基本数据类型
        int intValue = 10 ;
        float floatvalue = 3.14 ;
        BOOL boolValue = true ;
       
        NSNumber *intNumber = [[ NSNumber alloc ] initWithInt :intValue];
        NSLog ( @"intNumber is %@" , intNumber);
        NSNumber * floatNumber = [[ NSNumber alloc ] initWithFloat :floatvalue];
        NSLog ( @"floatNumber is %@" , floatNumber);
        NSNumber *boolNumber = [[ NSNumber alloc ] initWithBool :boolValue];
        NSLog ( @"boolNumber is %@" , boolNumber);
       
       
       
        // 包装后放入容器中
        NSArray *arr = @[ intNumber, floatNumber, boolNumber ] ;
        NSLog ( @"arr is %@" , arr);
       
        // 还原为基本数据类型
        float value1 = [floatNumber floatValue ];
        NSLog ( @"value1 is %.2f" , value1);
        int value2 = [intNumber intValue ];
        NSLog ( @"value2 is %d" , value2);
        int value3 = [boolNumber boolValue ];
        NSLog ( @"value3 is %d" , value3);
       
        // 封包
        NSNumber *intNum = @100 ;
        NSNumber *floatNum = @9.4 ;
        NSNumber *charNum = @ 'a' ;
        NSNumber *valuenum = @(12 + 45) ;

        NSLog(@"valueNum is %@", valuenum);

/******************NSDate********************/
       
        // 获取当前系统时间     标准时间 GMT 格林尼治时间
        NSDate *date = [ NSDate date ];
        NSLog ( @"date is %@" , date); // 打印出来是系统当前时间
       
        NSDate *date1 =[[ NSDate alloc ] init ];
        NSLog ( @"date1 is %@" , date1); // 打印出来是系统当前时间
       
        // 获取时间戳
        NSTimeInterval time1970 = [date timeIntervalSince1970 ];
        NSLog ( @"time1970 is %.2f" , time1970);
       
        // 到当前世纪（ 2001 ）的时间
        NSTimeInterval time2001 =[date timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate ];
        NSLog ( @"time2001 is %.2f" , time2001);
       
        // 到当前的时间
        NSTimeInterval time = [date timeIntervalSinceNow ];
        NSLog ( @"time is %.2f" , time);
       
        // 获取昨天的时间
        NSTimeInterval second = 24 * 60 * 60 ;
        NSDate *yesterdayDate = [[ NSDate alloc ] initWithTimeIntervalSinceNow : -second];
        NSLog ( @"yestodayDate is %@" , yesterdayDate);
       
        // 获取明天的时间
        NSDate *tomorrow = [ NSDate dateWithTimeInterval :second sinceDate :[ NSDate date ]];
        NSLog ( @"tomorrow is %@" , tomorrow);
       
        // 获取将来的时间 （最大值）
        NSDate *future = [ NSDate distantFuture ];
        NSLog ( @"future is %@" , future);
       
        // 获取古代时间（以前时间）
        NSDate *before = [ NSDate distantPast ];
        NSLog ( @"before is %@" , before);
       
        // 日期比较 // 没什么实际作用
//        BOOL isTure = [date isEqualToDate:date1];
//        NSLog(@"isEqual  is %d", isTure);
       
       
        // 下面这些比较重要
        // 返回两个时间比较早的那个时间
        NSDate *earlierDate = [tomorrow earlierDate :yesterdayDate];
        NSLog ( @"earlierDate is %@" , earlierDate);
       
        // 返回两个时间比较晚的那个时间
        NSDate *latterDate = [tomorrow laterDate :yesterdayDate];
        NSLog ( @"laterDate is %@" , latterDate);
       
       
        // 格式化日期类
        NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter =[[ NSDateFormatter alloc ] init ];
        [dateFormatter setDateFormat : @"yyyy 年 MM 月 dd 日   HH 小时 mm 分钟 ss 秒 ZZZZ" ];
        // 将日期按照格式化转化为字符串
        NSString *str = [dateFormatter stringFromDate :date];
        NSLog ( @"str is %@" , str);
       
       
        // 将字符串格式化为日期
        NSDate *date3 = [dateFormatter dateFromString :str];

        NSLog(@"date3 iis %@", date3);

/*************    try    catch     finally   ************/
        NSArray *arr = @[ @"a" , @"s" , @"d" ] ;
        @try {
            // 尝试执行以下代码，看编译器是否会报错
            NSLog ( @"%@" , arr[ 3 ]);
        }
        @catch (NSException *exception) {
            // 若捕获到异常，则执行以下代码
            NSLog ( @"exception name is %@ ,reson is %@" , exception. name , exception. reason );
        }
        @finally {
            // 无论是否捕获到异常，都执行
            NSLog ( @"finally" );
        }