以图书管理系统为例来整合三层架构,最后也可以作为一个练手项目,具体步骤如下:
整个类结构如下:
步骤一: 基本环境搭建
1.连接数据库,新建数据表
在连接数据库的过程中,若出现时区问题,则需要在数据库中编写语句“set global time_zone=’+8:00’; ”在测试连接后,出现success则表示连接成功。
2.新建数据表
CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`;
USE `ssmbuild`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;
CREATE TABLE `books` (
`bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id',
`bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名',
`bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量',
`detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES
(1,'Java',1,'从入门到放弃'),
(2,'MySQL',10,'从删库到跑路'),
(3,'Linux',5,'从进门到进牢');
结果:
3. 新建Maven项目,ssmbuild,添加Web支持,导入相关jar包以及资源过滤器
<dependencies>
<!-- 单元测试包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Lombok包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据库驱动包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.20</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据库连接池包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.5</version>
</dependency>
<!--servletApi和jspAPI-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jstl包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis整合Spring-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--webMVC包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring整合JDBC-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!--资源过滤-->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
编写实体类:
利用lombok编写可以减少代码量:
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Books {
private int bookID;
private String bookName;
private int bookCounts;
private String detail;
}
步骤二:Mybatis层编写
编写Dao层接口及其对应的xml文件
此接口用于存放关于数据的增删查改方法,且利用注解@Param来绑定传入的id与数据库中图书BookID不一致的问题。
public interface BookMapper {
int addByBookID(Books books);
int delByBookID(@Param("bookID") int id);
int updateBook(Books books);
Books query(@Param("bookID")int id);
List<Books> queryAll();
Books queryBookByName(@Param("bookName")String bookName);
}
对应的xml文件中是实现接口的sql语句,要注意的是
- 首先要绑定namespace的内容
- 各类sql语句的id要与接口中的方法相一致
- paramtype 表示要传入的参数类型,resultType代表要返回的参数类型,当为int时,可以省略不写
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="wang.dao.BookMapper">
<insert id="addByBookID" parameterType="Books">
insert into ssmbuild.books(bookName,bookCounts,detail)
values (#{bookName},#{bookCounts},#{detail});
</insert>
<delete id="delByBookID" parameterType="int">
delete from ssmbuild.books where bookID=#{bookID};
</delete>
<update id="updateBook" parameterType="Books">
update ssmbuild.books
set bookName=#{bookName},bookCounts=#{booksCounts},detail=#{detail}
where bookID=#{bookID};
</update>
<select id="query" parameterType="int" resultType="Books">
select * from ssmbuild.books where bookID=#{bookID};
</select>
<select id="queryAll" resultType="Books">
select * from ssmbuild.books;
</select>
<select id="queryBookByName" resultType="Books">
select * from ssmbuild.books where bookName='Java';
</select>
</mapper>
配置Mybatis-config.xml文件
配置对应的Mappers内容,<typeAliases 表示别名,其他配置会在接下来的整合中出现,这里无需配置。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<package name="wang.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
<mappers>
<mapper class="wang.dao.BookMapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
至此Mybatis层配置完毕。
步骤三:整合Dao层
编写databases.properties数据库连接配置参数
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?useSSL=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useUnicode=true
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
配置Spring-Dao.xml的文件
1.在此xml文件中,注意导入相关约束,否则会报错
2.在此文件中需要关联数据库配置文件参数,所以要在此之前写好,并且数据池中的参数的值都是从中取出的
3.直接配置class:sqlSessionFactory的省略了在最后的测试代码中的的代码量,还有用来绑定Mybatis的配置文件,以便于建立连接。
4.配置dao接口扫描,引入sqlSessionFactory,动态实现将dao接口注入到spring容器当中,可以自动扫描配置包中的类
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 关联数据库配置文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:databases.properties"/>
<!--连接池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!-- sqlSessionFactory-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!-- 绑定mybatis配置文件-->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
</bean>
<!--配置dao接口扫描,动态实现将dao接口注入到spring容器当中-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory-->
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
<!-- 要扫描的包-->
<property name="basePackage" value="wang.dao"/>
</bean>
</beans>
至此Dao层整合完毕。
步骤四:整合Service层
编写service层及其实现类
public interface BookService {
int addByBookID(Books books);
int delByBookID(int id);
int updateBook(Books books);
Books query(int id);
List<Books> queryAll();
Books queryBookByName(String bookName);
}
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{
private BookMapper bookMapper;
//调用dao层的操作,设置一个set接口,方便xml文件设置bean,方便Spring管理
public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
}
public int addByBookID(Books book) {
return bookMapper.addByBookID(book);
}
public int delByBookID(int id) {
return bookMapper.delByBookID(id);
}
public int updateBook(Books books) {
System.out.println(books);
return bookMapper.updateBook(books);
}
public Books query(int id) {
return bookMapper.query(id);
}
public List<Books> queryAll() {
return bookMapper.queryAll();
}
public Books queryBookByName(String bookName) {
System.out.println(bookName);
return bookMapper.queryBookByName(bookName);
}
}
配置spring-service.xml文件
1.配置声明式事务以及注入数据源
2.记得要配置接口实现类中属性的bean
3.若需要AOP的支持,则也在此文件中配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 1.扫描service下的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="wang.service"/>
<!-- 2.将所有事务注入到spring中,可以通过bean或注解来实现-->
<bean id="BooksServiceImpl" class="wang.service.BookServiceImpl">
<property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
</bean>
<!-- 3.声明式事务配置-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 注入数据源-->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- 4.AOP事务支持 -->
</beans>
步骤五:整合SpringMVC层
编写Controller类
controller类根据url调动业务层,查询或者改动数据,返回对应的视图界面。
方法一:查询全部书籍
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("BooksServiceImpl")
private BookService bookService;
}
配置spring-mvc.xml文件
1.开启注解驱动,否则无法自动与controller类建立连接
2.开启静态资源过滤,从而找到对应的静态资源
3.配置视图解析器,匹配相对应的jsp。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.x,sd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 扫描包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="wang.controller"/>
<!-- 注解驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 静态资源过滤-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
在最后配置为一个总的xml文件,只做一件事,引入各层的xml配置文件,使他们统一在一起,方便最后的统一调用。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<import resource="classpath:spring-Dao.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:spring-Service.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:spring-mvc.xml"/>
</beans>
配置web.xml文件:
1.在classpath:中,应配置总的xml文件
2.过滤器中,url-pattern中,配置/*作为拦截要求
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationsContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--session过期时间-->
<session-config>
<session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
</session-config>
</web-app>
向Controller类中添加关于操作书籍的方法
方法一:查询全部书籍
//查询全部书籍
@RequestMapping("/allBooks")
public String list(Model model){
List<Books>list=bookService.queryAll();
model.addAttribute("list",list);
return "allBook";
}
前端页面
先编写首页,为index.jsp
在前端页面,点击“进入书籍页面”实质是一个超链接,根据controller类,返回的字符串,新建一个allbook.jsp,如下:
方法二:添加书籍
添加书籍分为两步骤:
第一步:从前端页面点击添加书籍的按钮,跳转到添加书籍的页面,
第二步,添加书籍后,点击添加,保存后,重定向到展示页面。
//跳转到添加书籍的页面
@RequestMapping("/toAdd")
public String toAdd(){
return "addBook";
}
//添加书籍
@RequestMapping("/addBook")
public String addBook(Books books){
System.out.println(books);
bookService.addByBookID(books);
//从新定向查询全部书籍的页面,是否添加成功
return "redirect:/book/allBooks";
}
编写添加书籍页面:
结果显示添加成功:
方法三:修改书籍
修改书籍类似上述增加书籍即可,要注意的是,在修改书籍的操作时,跳转到修改页面,要携带原有的书籍数据进行跳转。
//跳转到修改书籍的页面
@RequestMapping("/toUpdate")
public String toUpdate(int id,Model model){
Books books = bookService.query(id);
model.addAttribute("queryBook",books);
return "updateBook";
}
//修改书籍页面
@RequestMapping("/updateBook/{bookID}")
public String updateBook(Books books){
bookService.updateBook(books);
return "redirect:/book/allBooks";
}
方法四:删除书籍
//删除书籍
@RequestMapping("/delBook/{bookID}")
public String delete(@PathVariable("bookID") int id){
bookService.delByBookID(id);
return "redirect:/book/allBooks";
}
方法五:根据书籍名称查询书籍
增加一个搜索框即可,注意同时添加返回键。
//根据书籍名称查询书籍
@RequestMapping("/queryBook")
public String queryName(String bookName, Model model){
Books book = bookService.queryBookByName(bookName);
System.out.println("Book--->"+book);
List<Books>list=new ArrayList<Books>();
list.add(book);
if (book==null){
list=bookService.queryAll();
model.addAttribute("message","无法查询到书籍");
}
model.addAttribute("list",list);
return "allBook";
}
总结:至此三层架构整合完毕,可以在此基础上添加新的功能。