复习统计（1）

parameter 参数 来自母体 例如母体均值$\mu$, 母体标准差 $\sigma$
statistic 统计量 来自抽样 例如样本均值$\overline{x}$, 样本标准差 $s$
The objective of statistics is to make inference about a population based on information contained in a sample.

central limit Theorem 中央极限定理
- n$\geq$30, 不论母体之分布,

$$\bar{x}\sim N(\mu _{\bar{x}}=\mu,\sigma _{\bar{x}}=\frac{\sigma }{\sqrt{n}})$$
- n $\lt$30, 母体为正态分布,
$$\bar{x}\sim N(\mu,\frac{\sigma }{\sqrt{n}})$$
- n $\geq$30, 不论母体之分布,
$$\hat{p}\sim N(\mu _{\hat{p}}=P,\sigma _{\hat{p}}=\sqrt{\frac{P(1-P) }{n})}$$

Two types of estimation are point estimation and interval estimation.

（1）Point Estimator (点估计): A point estimator of a population parameter is a rule (or formula) that tells you how to calculate a single number based on sample data. The resulting number is called a point estimate of the parameter.

$$\mu:\overline{x}$$ $$\sigma:s$$ $$P:\hat{p}$$

Unbiased estimator (不偏估计量): An estimator of a population parameter is said to be unbiased if the mean of its sampling distribution is equal to the parameter.

$$E(sample\space estimator)=population\space parameter$$
$\overline{X}$, $S$, and $\hat{P}$ are unbiased estimator

（2）Interval Estimation (区间估计): an interval estimator of a
population parameter is a rule that tells you how to calculate two numbers based on sample data

Confidence coefficient (信赖系数): the probability that a confidence interval will enclose the estimated parameter is called the confidence coefficient.
信赖系数是小数值；信赖水准是百分值。