parameter 参数 来自母体 例如母体均值
μ
, 母体标准差
σ
statistic 统计量 来自抽样 例如样本均值
x⎯⎯
, 样本标准差
s
The objective of statistics is to make inference about a population based on information contained in a sample.
central limit Theorem 中央极限定理
- n
- n < 30, 母体为正态分布,
- n ≥ 30, 不论母体之分布,
Two types of estimation are point estimation and interval estimation.
(1)Point Estimator (点估计): A point estimator of a population parameter is a rule (or formula) that tells you how to calculate a single number based on sample data. The resulting number is called a point estimate of the parameter.
Unbiased estimator (不偏估计量): An estimator of a population parameter is said to be unbiased if the mean of its sampling distribution is equal to the parameter.
X⎯⎯⎯ , S , and
(2)Interval Estimation (区间估计): an interval estimator of a
population parameter is a rule that tells you how to calculate two numbers based on sample data
Confidence coefficient (信赖系数): the probability that a confidence interval will enclose the estimated parameter is called the confidence coefficient.
信赖系数是小数值;信赖水准是百分值。