原文:http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/1564
android SDK提供了Service,用于类似*nix守护进程或者windows的服务。
Service有两种类型:
- 本地服务(Local Service):用于应用程序内部
- 远程服务(Remote Sercie):用于android系统内部的应用程序之间
前者用于实现应用程序自己的一些耗时任务,比如查询升级信息,并不占用应用程序比如Activity所属线程,而是单开线程后台执行,这样用户体验比较好。
后者可被其他应用程序复用,比如天气预报服务,其他应用程序不需要再写这样的服务,调用已有的即可。
一、本地服务示例
1.1、编写不需和Activity交互的本地服务示例
本地服务编写比较简单。首先,要创建一个Service类,该类继承android的Service类。这里写了一个计数服务的类,每秒钟为计数器加一。在服务类的内部,还创建了一个线程,用于实现后台执行上述业务逻辑。
package com.cn.example;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
public class CountService extends Service {
private boolean threadDisable;
private int count;
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
while (!threadDisable) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
count++;
Log.v("CountService", "Count is " + count);
}
}
}).start();
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
this.threadDisable = true;
Log.v("CountService", "on destroy");
}
public int getCount() {
return count;
}
}
需要将该服务注册到配置文件AndroidManifest.xml中,否则无法找到:
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.cn.example"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="15" />
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name=".LocalServiceDemoActivity"
android:label="@string/title_activity_main" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service android:name="CountService"></service>
</application>
</manifest>
在Activity中启动和关闭本地服务。
package com.cn.example;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
/**
* 本地服务
*/
public class LocalServiceDemoActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
this.startService(new Intent(this, CountService.class));
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
this.stopService(new Intent(this, CountService.class));
}
}
可通过日志查看到后台线程打印的计数内容。
代码下载地址为:http://download.csdn.net/detail/niejing654092427/4580614
1.2、编写本地服务和Activity交互的示例
上面的示例是通过startService和stopService启动关闭服务的。适用于服务和activity之间没有调用交互的情况。如果之间需要传递参数或者方法调用。需要使用bind和unbind方法。
具体做法是,服务类需要增加接口,比如ICountService,另外,服务类需要有一个内部类,这样可以方便访问外部类的封装数据,这个内部类需要继承Binder类并实现ICountService接口。还有,就是要实现Service的onBind方法,不能只传回一个null了。
这是新建立的接口代码:
package com.example.androidservicetest;
public interface ICountService {
public abstract int getCount();
}
CountService.java
package com.example.androidservicetest;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
public class CountService extends Service implements ICountService{
private boolean mThreadDisable;
private int mCount;
private ServiceBinder mServiceBinder = new ServiceBinder();
@Override
public int getCount() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return mCount;
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return mServiceBinder;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate();
new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
while (!mThreadDisable) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
mCount++;
Log.v("CountService", "Count is " + mCount);
}
}
}).start();
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();
this.mThreadDisable = true;
Log.v("CountService", "onDestroy");
}
/**
*
* 内部类
*/
private class ServiceBinder extends Binder implements ICountService{
@Override
public int getCount() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return mCount;
}
}
}
服务的注册也要做改动,AndroidManifest.xml文件:
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.androidservicetest"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="15" />
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name=".LocalServiceDemoActivity"
android:label="@string/title_activity_main" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service android:name="CountService">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.androidservicetest.CountService"/>
</intent-filter>
</service>
</application>
</manifest>
Acitity代码不再通过startSerivce和stopService启动关闭服务,另外,需要通过ServiceConnection的内部类实现来连接Service和Activity。
package com.example.androidservicetest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
public class LocalServiceDemoActivity extends Activity {
private ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
countService = (ICountService) service;
Log.v("CountService", "on serivce connected, count is "
+ countService.getCount());
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
countService = null;
}
};
private ICountService countService;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
this.bindService(new Intent("com.example.androidservicetest.CountService"),
this.serviceConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
this.unbindService(serviceConnection);
}
}
可通过日志查看到后台线程打印的计数内容。
代码下载地址为:http://download.csdn.net/detail/niejing654092427/4580619
二、远程服务示例