STM32F4时钟设置分析
本文博客链接:http://blog.csdn.net/jdh99,作者:jdh,转载请注明.
环境:
主机:WIN7
开发环境:MDK4.72
MCU:STM32F407VGT6
STM32F4启动与STM32F10X不同,时钟已经默认配置好.
1.启动代码:
文件:startup_stm32f4xx.s
- <span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">; Reset handler
- Reset_Handler PROC
- EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK]
- IMPORT SystemInit
- IMPORT __main
- LDR R0, =SystemInit
- BLX R0
- LDR R0, =__main
- BX R0
- ENDP</span>
可以看出,在进入main函数之前,系统调用了SystemInit函数.
2.SystemInit函数分析
SystemInit函数位于system_stm32f4xx.c文件中.此文件提供几个宏定义可以设置各个时钟:
- <span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">/************************* PLL Parameters *************************************/
- /* PLL_VCO = (HSE_VALUE or HSI_VALUE / PLL_M) * PLL_N */
- #define PLL_M 25
- #define PLL_N 336
- /* SYSCLK = PLL_VCO / PLL_P */
- #define PLL_P 2
- /* USB OTG FS, SDIO and RNG Clock = PLL_VCO / PLLQ */
- #define PLL_Q 7
- /******************************************************************************/</span>
而晶振频率则是在文件stm32f4xx.h中进行设置:
外部晶振:
- <span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">#if !defined (HSE_VALUE)
- #define HSE_VALUE ((uint32_t)25000000) /*!< Value of the External oscillator in Hz */
- #endif /* HSE_VALUE */</span>
内部晶振:
- <span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">#if !defined (HSI_VALUE)
- #define HSI_VALUE ((uint32_t)16000000) /*!< Value of the Internal oscillator in Hz*/
- #endif /* HSI_VALUE */ </span>
综上,可以得出默认配置中:
锁相环压腔振荡器时钟PLL_VCO = 25 / 25 * 336 = 336MHz
系统时钟SYSCLK = 336 / 2 = 168MHz
USB,SD卡时钟 = 336 / 7 = 48MHz
时钟图:
SystemInit函数代码:
- <span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">/**
- * @brief Setup the microcontroller system
- * Initialize the Embedded Flash Interface, the PLL and update the
- * SystemFrequency variable.
- * @param None
- * @retval None
- */
- void SystemInit(void)
- {
- /* FPU settings ------------------------------------------------------------*/
- #if (__FPU_PRESENT == 1) && (__FPU_USED == 1)
- SCB->CPACR |= ((3UL << 10*2)|(3UL << 11*2)); /* set CP10 and CP11 Full Access */
- #endif
- /* Reset the RCC clock configuration to the default reset state ------------*/
- /* Set HSION bit */
- RCC->CR |= (uint32_t)0x00000001;
- /* Reset CFGR register */
- RCC->CFGR = 0x00000000;
- /* Reset HSEON, CSSON and PLLON bits */
- RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFEF6FFFF;
- /* Reset PLLCFGR register */
- RCC->PLLCFGR = 0x24003010;
- /* Reset HSEBYP bit */
- RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFFFBFFFF;
- /* Disable all interrupts */
- RCC->CIR = 0x00000000;
- #ifdef DATA_IN_ExtSRAM
- SystemInit_ExtMemCtl();
- #endif /* DATA_IN_ExtSRAM */
- /* Configure the System clock source, PLL Multiplier and Divider factors,
- AHB/APBx prescalers and Flash settings ----------------------------------*/
- SetSysClock();
- /* Configure the Vector Table location add offset address ------------------*/
- #ifdef VECT_TAB_SRAM
- SCB->VTOR = SRAM_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal SRAM */
- #else
- SCB->VTOR = FLASH_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal FLASH */
- #endif
- }</span>
在SetSysClock函数中,配置了系统时钟,PLL倍频以及分频系数:
- <span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">/**
- * @brief Configures the System clock source, PLL Multiplier and Divider factors,
- * AHB/APBx prescalers and Flash settings
- * @Note This function should be called only once the RCC clock configuration
- * is reset to the default reset state (done in SystemInit() function).
- * @param None
- * @retval None
- */
- static void SetSysClock(void)
- {
- /******************************************************************************/
- /* PLL (clocked by HSE) used as System clock source */
- /******************************************************************************/
- __IO uint32_t StartUpCounter = 0, HSEStatus = 0;
- /* Enable HSE */
- RCC->CR |= ((uint32_t)RCC_CR_HSEON);
- /* Wait till HSE is ready and if Time out is reached exit */
- do
- {
- HSEStatus = RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY;
- StartUpCounter++;
- } while((HSEStatus == 0) && (StartUpCounter != HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT));
- if ((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY) != RESET)
- {
- HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x01;
- }
- else
- {
- HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x00;
- }
- if (HSEStatus == (uint32_t)0x01)
- {
- /* Select regulator voltage output Scale 1 mode, System frequency up to 168 MHz */
- RCC->APB1ENR |= RCC_APB1ENR_PWREN;
- PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_VOS;
- /* HCLK = SYSCLK / 1*/
- RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;
- /* PCLK2 = HCLK / 2*/
- RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV2;
- /* PCLK1 = HCLK / 4*/
- RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV4;
- /* Configure the main PLL */
- RCC->PLLCFGR = PLL_M | (PLL_N << 6) | (((PLL_P >> 1) -1) << 16) |
- (RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLSRC_HSE) | (PLL_Q << 24);
- /* Enable the main PLL */
- RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;
- /* Wait till the main PLL is ready */
- while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0)
- {
- }
- /* Configure Flash prefetch, Instruction cache, Data cache and wait state */
- FLASH->ACR = FLASH_ACR_ICEN |FLASH_ACR_DCEN |FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_5WS;
- /* Select the main PLL as system clock source */
- RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));
- RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;
- /* Wait till the main PLL is used as system clock source */
- while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS ) != RCC_CFGR_SWS_PLL);
- {
- }
- }
- else
- { /* If HSE fails to start-up, the application will have wrong clock
- configuration. User can add here some code to deal with this error */
- }
- }</span>
如果外部时钟启动失败,系统会使用内部时钟
默认配置:
HCLK = SYSCLK / 1 = 168MHz
PCLK2 = HCLK / 2 = 84MHz
PCLK1 = HCLK / 4 = 42MHz