爬虫开发--常见问题解决方法

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-11 02:18:03 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-10-11 02:18:03 发布
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分类专栏： 爬虫
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/nikeylee/article/details/109305613
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常见问题解决方法：

1、爬虫代码报错：Max retries exceeded with url

具体报错信息：

“requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.qiushibaike.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /imgrank/page/4/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:1124)')))”

 

报错原因和解决方法分析

1）http连接太多没有关闭导致的

解决方法：设置重连次数，发送请求前，关闭多余连接；

import requests
requests.adapters.DEFAULT_RETRIES = 5 # 增加重连次数
s = requests.session()
s.keep_alive = False # 关闭多余连接
s.get(url) # 你需要的网址

 

2）访问次数频繁，被禁止访问

解决方法：使用代理

查找代理的网址：http://ip.zdaye.com/shanghai_ip.html#Free 

import requests
s = requests.session()
url = "https://mail.163.com/"
s.proxies = {"https": "47.100.104.247:8080", "http": "36.248.10.47:8080", }
s.headers = header
s.get(url)


使用代理时需注意：

  • 代理分为http和https两种，不能用混，如果把http的代理用作https也是会报上面的错误;
  • 上面的代理以字典格式传入，例如上面的例子，可以是“47.100.104.247:8080”这种格式，也可以是“https://47.100.104.247:8080”这种格式；
  • 如果代理不可用一样会报上面的错误。

 

以下方法判断代理是否可用：

import requests
s = requests.session()
url = "https://mail.163.com/"
s.keep_alive = False
s.proxies = {"https": "47.100.104.247:8080", "http": "36.248.10.47:8080", }
s.headers = header
r = s.get(url)
print r.status_code  # 如果代理可用则正常访问，不可用报以上错误

 

2、代码报错：AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'extend'

具体报错信息：AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'extend' 或者AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'append'

原因：这两种方法都是没有返回值的，也就是返回的是NoneType类型，而NoneType数据再次调用extend或者append方法时就会报上面的error。

错误写法：将extend的返回值赋值给aa，导致aa此时成为NoneType类型

正确写法：直接使用，不用返回值

 

3、反爬表现：在使用python爬虫的时候，请求只返回一段js代码的html页面；

<html><script>
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function setCookie(name,value){var expiredate=new Date();expiredate.setTime(expiredate.getTime()+(3600*1000));document.cookie=name+"="+value+";expires="+expiredate.toGMTString()+";max-age=3600;path=/";}
function reload(x) {setCookie("acw_sc__v2", x);document.location.reload();}
</script></html>

 

4、etree解析HTML报错 lxml.etree.XMLSyntaxError

报错信息：lxml.etree.XMLSyntaxError: Opening and ending tag mismatch: meta line 4 and head, line 6, column 8

原因：html代码书写不规范，不符合xml解析器的使用规范，导致报错；

解决：自己创建解析器，同时增加parser参数

parser = etree.HTMLParser(encoding="utf-8")
tree = etree.parse(local_file_path, parser=parser) 

# 加载本地html文件
from lxml import etree

# 加载本地html，实例化etree对象
local_file_path = './test3.html'
parser = etree.HTMLParser(encoding="utf-8")
tree = etree.parse(local_file_path, parser=parser)  # 加载本地的html内容到etree对象
print(type(tree))  # <class 'lxml.etree._ElementTree'>
print(tree)  # <lxml.etree._ElementTree object at 0x0000019C52F16DC0>

 

5、使用代理IP访问时，遇见的错误

1）报错：Cannot connect to proxy，Remote end closed connection without response

具体报错信息：HTTPConnectionPool(host='1.198.177.74', port=4225): Max retries exceeded with url: http://www.ixiunv.com/ (Caused by ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', RemoteDisconnected('Remote end closed connection without response')))

 

 

2）报错：

具体报错信息：requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError: ("Connection broken: ConnectionResetError(10054, '远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。', None, 10054, None)", 　　　　　　ConnectionResetError(10054, '远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。', None, 10054, None))

问题来源：该地址 在抓取验证过程中人被判定为有效，但是在使用的时候已经超过生命周期

 

requests.exceptions.ProxyError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='1.198.177.74', port=4225): Max retries exceeded with url: http://www.ixiunv.com/ (Caused by ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', ConnectionResetError(10054, '远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。', None, 10054, None)))

 

 

3）报错：

具体报错信息：requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='119.139.198.65', port=3128): Max retries exceeded with url: http://icanhazip.com/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLError("bad handshake: Error([('SSL routines', 'ssl3_get_record', 'wrong version number')])")))

问题来源：使用的IP地址 是Http类型的  没有进行SSL加密

解决：更换IP   来源 ：https://www.xicidaili.com/  ；https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/

 

4）报错：

具体报错信息：requests.exceptions.ProxyError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='47.104.172.108', port=8118): Max retries exceeded with url: http://icanhazip.com/ (Caused by 　　　　　　　　ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', OSError('Tunnel connection failed: 503 Too many open connections')))

部分）问题来源：ip和HTTP类型但是强行使用https协议

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百度搜索，我们输入搜索内容，返回的是一个包括原地址链接的html，而不是访问该链接 的html，且返回的html中：location.replace(location.href.replace("https://","http://"));1.可以通过json_data['data']，只输出json数据json_data中‘data’对应的值，也就是。通过print(type(html))查看html的类型, 可以查出是bytes类型，就需要解码。只想要输出good: adj. 好的，而不要其他的格式。
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1.如何使用正则表达式匹配中文 dir_name_list = re.findall(r'([A-Za-z0-9\x80-\xfff\.()\s\[\]\-\+]+)',str) 　使用其中的\x80-\xfff，网上有些教程写为\x80-\xff，实际使用中发现只能匹配双字节的中文，个人更改为三字节。 2.匹配到的中文，如何正确打印、不乱码 dir_name.decode
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Python 中错误 ConnectionError: Max retries exceeded with url
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在调用时指定正确且完整的 URL。不受 API 的速率限制。requests 模块能够验证站点的 SSL 证书。可以访问互联网。
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