06_玩转Docker容器:80分钟一口气学完docker+k8s!带你掌握docker+k8s所有核心知识点,全程干货,无废话!

Docker容器管理:

docker run:表示创建和启动:

docker run+镜像名。若镜像不存在本地,就会在线去下载该镜像。

注意:

1、容器内的进程必须处于前台运行状态,否则容器就会直接退出。自己部署一个容器运行,命令不得后台运行,前台运行即可。

2、如果容器内,什么事也没做,容器也会挂掉。容器内,必须有一个进程在前台运行。

 #运行容器的玩法
#1.运行一个挂掉的容器,(从错误示范来学docker容器)
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run 5d0da3dc9764
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run 5d0da3dc9764
^[[A[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run 5d0da3dc9764
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run 5d0da3dc9764
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run 5d0da3dc9764
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

这个写法,会产生多个独立的容器记录,且容器内没有程序在运行,因此挂掉。
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
0a5b4fbb2725   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               24 seconds ago   Exited (0) 23 seconds ago             vigorous_swirles
36364da5f661   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               25 seconds ago   Exited (0) 24 seconds ago             nifty_banach
d596bf2ef05e   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               28 seconds ago   Exited (0) 27 seconds ago             dreamy_kowalevski
5339d8bfe246   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               29 seconds ago   Exited (0) 28 seconds ago             laughing_chaum
c6a69c5a7be3   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               31 seconds ago   Exited (0) 30 seconds ago             hopeful_joliot
4a77939ee186   nginx          "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 minutes ago    Exited (0) 6 minutes ago              affectionate_chatelet
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# 

进入容器内,且在容器内执行某个命令
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run  -it centos sh
sh-4.4# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 8.4.2105

开启某个容器,让它帮你执行某个命令,属于前台运行会卡住一个终端。
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run centos ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (14.119.104.189) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 14.119.104.189 (14.119.104.189): icmp_seq=1 ttl=127 time=37.7 ms


-d参数,让容器在后台跑着(针对宿主机而言)
返回容器ID
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -d centos ping baidu.com
23c59f80b4e441ef935bfdba926c66f07df955d25ad4397ecdc74315441f7aa2
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# 
运行一个活着的容器,Docker ps可以看到的容器
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND            CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
23c59f80b4e4   centos    "ping baidu.com"   49 seconds ago   Up 48 seconds             fervent_perlman
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# 

3、丰富docker运行的参数。-d:后台运行,--rm容器挂掉后自动删除,--name给容器起名

启动一个容器
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -d --rm --name JinCentos centos ping baidu.com
b9b28ae6274191a22722adf1c72d62e3a9ce9b49394bd0d36ded0f6bc65e4cbc
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND            CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
b9b28ae62741   centos    "ping baidu.com"   4 seconds ago    Up 3 seconds              JinCentos
23c59f80b4e4   centos    "ping baidu.com"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes             fervent_perlman

停止该容器
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker stop b9b28ae62741
b9b28ae62741
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND            CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
23c59f80b4e4   centos    "ping baidu.com"   12 minutes ago   Up 12 minutes             fervent_perlman

容器被删除,即容器历史被删除。
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps  -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                   CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS     NAMES
23c59f80b4e4   centos         "ping baidu.com"          12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                            fervent_perlman
2c62952389ed   centos         "ping www.baidu.com"      21 minutes ago      Exited (0) 21 minutes ago                admiring_yalow
2545a30fdfae   centos         "sh"                      28 minutes ago      Exited (127) 22 minutes ago              trusting_burnell
0a5b4fbb2725   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               57 minutes ago      Exited (0) 57 minutes ago                vigorous_swirles
36364da5f661   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               57 minutes ago      Exited (0) 57 minutes ago                nifty_banach
d596bf2ef05e   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               57 minutes ago      Exited (0) 57 minutes ago                dreamy_kowalevski
5339d8bfe246   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               57 minutes ago      Exited (0) 57 minutes ago                laughing_chaum
c6a69c5a7be3   5d0da3dc9764   "/bin/bash"               57 minutes ago      Exited (0) 57 minutes ago                hopeful_joliot
4a77939ee186   nginx          "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago             affectionate_chatelet
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# 

4、查看容器日志

#-f每秒刷新他
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker logs -f 23c59f80b4e4

[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker logs 23c59f80b4e4 | tail -5
64 bytes from 110.242.68.66 (110.242.68.66): icmp_seq=1320 ttl=127 time=44.7 ms
64 bytes from 110.242.68.66 (110.242.68.66): icmp_seq=1321 ttl=127 time=44.9 ms
64 bytes from 110.242.68.66 (110.242.68.66): icmp_seq=1322 ttl=127 time=44.7 ms
64 bytes from 110.242.68.66 (110.242.68.66): icmp_seq=1323 ttl=127 time=46.3 ms
64 bytes from 110.242.68.66 (110.242.68.66): icmp_seq=1324 ttl=127 time=45.7 ms
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# 

5、进入正在运行的容器空间内,挂了的容器进不去哈。

exec:进入容器内、-it:交付式操作(i表示可以输入命令,t表示打开终端,合起来就是在Xshell中输入命令)
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker exec -it 2009e3dc9226 bash

容器中跑起来的进程如下:
ps:查看服务器的进程信息;
-e:等价于 ‘-A’ ,表示列出全部的进程;
-f:显示全部的列(显示全字段)
[root@2009e3dc9226 /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 02:49 ?        00:00:00 ping www.baidu.com
root          7      0  0 02:51 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
root         21      7  0 02:57 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef


exec进入容器空间内,不能进入镜像内
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker exec -it  nginx sh 
Error response from daemon: No such container: nginx

进入容器内,但是这种方式好像不好用,tab补全功能都无法实现
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -it nginx sh
# ls
bin  boot  dev	docker-entrypoint.d  docker-entrypoint.sh  etc	home  lib  lib32  lib64  libx32  media	mnt  opt  proc	root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp	usr  var
# ca	^H^H^H^H^[[B
sh: 2: ca: not found
# cat /et	^H^H^H
cat: /et: No such file or directory
cat: ''$'\b\b\b': No such file or directory
# cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="12"
VERSION="12 (bookworm)"
VERSION_CODENAME=bookworm
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"
# pwd
/
# 

6、查看容器的详细信息,用于高级的调试:

[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
2009e3dc9226   centos    "ping www.baidu.com"   17 minutes ago   Up 17 minutes             wonderful_benz
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker container inspect 2009e3dc9226

下面是容器信息:
[
    {
        "Id": "2009e3dc92266f542b3183202797fd872a669bf372f9707b20d72abbe4db8a9b",
        "Created": "2023-09-25T02:49:29.374550017Z",
        "Path": "ping",
        "Args": [
            "www.baidu.com"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 2699,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2023-09-25T02:49:29.698895563Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2009e3dc92266f542b3183202797fd872a669bf372f9707b20d72abbe4db8a9b/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2009e3dc92266f542b3183202797fd872a669bf372f9707b20d72abbe4db8a9b/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2009e3dc92266f542b3183202797fd872a669bf372f9707b20d72abbe4db8a9b/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2009e3dc92266f542b3183202797fd872a669bf372f9707b20d72abbe4db8a9b/2009e3dc92266f542b3183202797fd872a669bf372f9707b20d72abbe4db8a9b-json.log",
        "Name": "/wonderful_benz",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                42,
                163
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bfeb129864811361b2418120a417ad83ce67380729b0f8b831bd013a12d47b8b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6dddfccfb15dace43a872d1e3ff8826ddbf6e85a21069370284530793d41e55d/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bfeb129864811361b2418120a417ad83ce67380729b0f8b831bd013a12d47b8b/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bfeb129864811361b2418120a417ad83ce67380729b0f8b831bd013a12d47b8b/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bfeb129864811361b2418120a417ad83ce67380729b0f8b831bd013a12d47b8b/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "2009e3dc9226",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "ping",
                "www.baidu.com"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "9109beb39f3fe2709208bff3768eb5a033660a4cf175bea0fa93a312d9cb05a0",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/9109beb39f3f",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "15e3dda79356d6cc24fc38d49b62ab95af71b52f3c093c78eb3cd1979811ef0f",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "82f7a83705441cfaab812eda444fb7161c2397c3f02cd1a2dd630a7754b19197",
                    "EndpointID": "15e3dda79356d6cc24fc38d49b62ab95af71b52f3c093c78eb3cd1979811ef0f",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

7、容器的端口映射

[root@Hadoop2 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep 80

#-d后台运行容器,且起个名字,且端口映射宿主机的85端口,访问到容器内的80端口
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -d --name ShuJiNginx -p 85:80 nginx
0d2a29a139fa2328c0f39bc3894fb8668fdf276c169f5ce228d49bdd06fd54e8

查看运行的容器
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
0d2a29a139fa   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   20 seconds ago   Up 19 seconds   0.0.0.0:85->80/tcp, :::85->80/tcp   ShuJiNginx
ad8a2f80b607   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 hours ago      Up 6 hours      80/tcp                              busy_darwin
2009e3dc9226   centos    "ping www.baidu.com"      7 hours ago      Up 7 hours                                          wonderful_benz


查看容器的端口转发情况
docker port 容器ID
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker port 0d2a29a139fa 
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:85
80/tcp -> [::]:85

随机端口映射,-P随机访问一个宿主机的空闲端口,映射到容器内打开的端口。
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -d --name shushu -P nginx
8fb7285f1191ca5c82e4d9f035c2fee0da1e00778a7342c2a83cf3d1cd7a74de
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                     NAMES
8fb7285f1191   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   13 seconds ago   Up 11 seconds   0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp   shushu
0d2a29a139fa   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   19 minutes ago   Up 19 minutes   0.0.0.0:85->80/tcp, :::85->80/tcp         ShuJiNginx
ad8a2f80b607   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 hours ago      Up 6 hours      80/tcp                                    busy_darwin
2009e3dc9226   centos    "ping www.baidu.com"      7 hours ago      Up 7 hours                                                wonderful_benz

8、容器的提交:

#运行基础的centos,在容器内安装vim,然后提交新的镜像;
#新的镜像,再运行处的容器,默认就携带vim;
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -it centos bash

安装vim
[root@0343a89f71fc yum.repos.d]# yum install vim -y

提交镜像
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker commit 0343a89f71fc shujidockerhuzhangao/jingxiangming 
sha256:e2ce129f8ae8a5bebb3ebe36bc489f418ae3f6d75aeae8bc075f4f865fc1ab85
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                           TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
shujidockerhuzhangao/jingxiangming   latest    e2ce129f8ae8   10 seconds ago   559MB
<none>                               <none>    b57d813f9e5d   2 days ago       559MB
nginx                                latest    f5a6b296b8a2   2 weeks ago      187MB
centos                               latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 years ago      231MB

#使用这个镜像
[root@Hadoop2 ~]# docker run -it shujidockerhuzhangao/jingxiangming bash
[root@bb3717503096 /]# vim shuji.txt
[root@bb3717503096 /]# cat shuji.txt 
shu ji yao jia you wa !!!!!
[root@bb3717503096 /]# 

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