C Primer Plus第六版第十四章编程题目与参考答案⭐

1．重新编写复习题5，用月份名的拼写代替月份号（别忘了使用strcmp( ))。在一个简单的程序中测试该函数。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define LEN 12

struct month
{
    char name[10];
    char abbrev[4];
    int days;
    int monumb;
};

const struct month months[LEN] =
{
    {"January", "Jan", 31, 1},
    {"February", "Feb", 28, 2},
    {"March", "Mar", 31, 3},
    {"April", "Apr", 30, 4},
    {"May", "May", 31, 5},
    {"June", "Jun", 30, 6},
    {"July", "Jul", 31, 7},
    {"August", "Aug", 31, 8},
    {"September", "Sep", 30, 9},
    {"October", "Oct", 31, 10},
    {"November", "Nov", 30, 11},
    {"December", "Dec", 31, 12}
};

int days(char *name, int *temp);

int main(void)
{
    int tp;
    int daytotal;
    char input[LEN];

    printf("请输入一个月份名(按q退出本程序):");
    while ((scanf("%11s", input) == 1) && (input[0] != 'q'))
    {
        daytotal = days(input, &tp);
        if (daytotal > 0)
        {
            printf("一年中到%d月(包括%d月)总共有%d天.\n", tp, tp, daytotal);
        }
        else
        {
            printf("%s不是一个月份名!\n", input);
        }
        printf("您可以再次输入一个月份名(或按q退出):");
        while (getchar() != '\n')
            continue;
    }
    printf("本程序完成!\n");

    return 0;
}

int days(char *m, int *temp)
{
    int i = 1;
    int num = 0;
    int total = 0;

    m[0] = toupper(m[0]);
    while (m[i])
    {
        m[i] = tolower(m[i]);
        i++;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < LEN; i++)
    {
        if (0 == strcmp(m, months[i].name))
        {
            num = months[i].monumb;
            *temp = i + 1;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (num == 0)
    {
        total = -1;
    }
    else
    {
        for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
        {
            total += months[i].days;
        }
    }
    return total;
}

2．编写一个函数，提示用户输入日、月和年。月份可以是月份号、月份名或月份名缩写。然后该程序应返回一年中到用户指定日子(包括这一天)的总天数。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define LEN 12

struct month
{
    char name[10];
    char abbrev[4];
    int days;
    int monumb;
};

struct month months[LEN] =
{
    {"January", "Jan", 31, 1},
    {"February", "Feb", 28, 2},
    {"March", "Mar", 31, 3},
    {"April", "Apr", 30, 4},
    {"May", "May", 31, 5},
    {"June", "Jun", 30, 6},
    {"July", "Jul", 31, 7},
    {"August", "Aug", 31, 8},
    {"September", "Sep", 30, 9},
    {"October", "Oct", 31, 10},
    {"November", "Nov", 30, 11},
    {"December", "Dec", 31, 12}
};

int days_result(char *month, int days, int *tp);

int main(void)
{
    int n, val;
    int day, year;
    char month[LEN];

    printf("请您输入日,月和年(按q退出本程序):\n");
    while (scanf("%d %11s %d", &day, month, &year) == 3)
    {
        if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0))
        {
            months[1].days = 29; //判断是否是闰年;
        }
        val = days_result(month, day, &n);
        if (val < 0)
        {
            printf("您输入的数据有误!\n");
        }
        else
        {
            printf("从%d年初到%d月%d日总共有%d天.\n", year, n, day, val);
        }
        months[1].days = 28; //2月份天数还原为非闰年时的天数;
        printf("您可以继续输入日,月和年(或按q退出):\n");
    }
    printf("本程序完成!\n");

    return 0;
}

int days_result(char *month, int days, int *tp)
{
    int i;
    int total = 0;
    int temp = atoi(month);

    month[0] = toupper(month[0]);
    if (days < 1 || days > 31)
    {
        return -1; //输入的天数有误则终止本函数;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < LEN; i++)
    {
        if ((temp == months[i].monumb) ||
            (strcmp(month, months[i].name) == 0) ||
            (strcmp(month, months[i].abbrev) == 0))
        {
            if (days > months[i].days)
            {
                return -1; //输入的天数不符合月份的规则;
            }
            else
            {
                *tp = i + 1;
                return total + days; //累加到此月后加上本月天数;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            total += months[i].days;
        }
    }
    return -1; //输入月份有误后的终止条件;
}

3．修改程序清单14.2中的图书目录程序，使其按照输入图书的顺序输出图书的信息，然后按照标题字母的声明输出图书的信息，最后按照价格的升序输出图书的信息。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAXTITL 40
#define MAXAUTL 40
#define MAXBKS 100

struct book
{
    char title[MAXTITL];
    char author[MAXAUTL];
    float value;
};

char *s_gets(char *st, int n);
void sort_title(struct book *pb[], int n);
void sort_value(struct book *pb[], int n);

int main(void)
{
    struct book library[MAXBKS];
    struct book *book[MAXBKS];
    int count = 0;
    int index;

    printf("Please enter the book title.\n");
    printf("Press [enter] at the start of a line to stop.\n");
    while (count < MAXBKS && s_gets(library[count].title, MAXTITL) && library[count].title[0] != '\0')
    {
        printf("Now enter the author.\n");
        s_gets(library[count].author, MAXAUTL);
        printf("Now enter the value.\n");
        scanf("%f", &library[count].value);
        book[count] = &library[count];
        count++;
        while (getchar() != '\n')
            continue;
        if (count < MAXBKS)
        {
            printf("Enter the next title.\n");
        }
    }

    if (count > 0)
    {
        printf("Here is the list of your books:\n");
        for (index = 0; index < count; index++)
        {
            printf("%s by %s: $%.2f\n", library[index].title,
                   library[index].author, library[index].value);
        }
        sort_title(book, count);
        printf("\nHere is the list of your books sorted by title letters:\n");
        for (index = 0; index < count; index++)
        {
            printf("%s by %s: $%.2f\n", book[index]->title,
                   book[index]->author, book[index]->value);
        }
        sort_value(book, count);
        printf("\nHere is the list of your books sorted by value(from low to high):\n");
        for (index = 0; index < count; index++)
        {
            printf("%s by %s: $%.2f\n", book[index]->title,
                   book[index]->author, book[index]->value);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        printf("No books? Too bad.\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

void sort_title(struct book *pb[], int n)
{
    int i, j;
    struct book *temp;

    for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
    {
        for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
        {
            if (strcmp(pb[j]->title, pb[i]->title) < 0)
            {
                temp = pb[j];
                pb[j] = pb[i];
                pb[i] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

void sort_value(struct book *pb[], int n)
{
    int i, j;
    struct book *temp;

    for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
    {
        for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
        {
            if (pb[j]->value < pb[i]->value)
            {
                temp = pb[j];
                pb[j] = pb[i];
                pb[i] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

char *s_gets(char *st, int n)
{
    char *ret_val;
    char *find;

    ret_val = fgets(st, n, stdin);
    if (ret_val)
    {
        find = strchr(st, '\n');
        if (find)
        {
            *find = '\0';
        }
        else
        {
            while (getchar() != '\n')
                continue;
        }
    }
    return ret_val;
}

4．编写一个程序，创建一个有两个成员的结构模板:
a.第1个成员是社会保险号，第2个成员是一个有3个成员的结构，第1个成员代表名，第2个成员代表中间名，第3个成员表示姓。创建并初始化一个内含5个该类型结构的数组。该程序以下面的格式打印数据:
Dribble,Flossie M. --302039823
如果有中间名，只打印它的第1个字母，后面加一个点(.);如果没有中间名，则不用打印点。编写一个程序进行打印，把结构数组传递给这个函数。
b．修改a部分，传递结构的值而不是结构的地址。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 15
#define LEN 30

struct names
{
    char fname[N];
    char mname[N];
    char lname[N];
};

struct messages
{
    char ins_num[LEN];
    struct names name;
};

char *s_gets(char *st, int n);
void show(const struct messages pt[], int n);

int main(void)
{
    int count = 0;
    struct messages m[5];

    printf("Please enter the insurance number:\n");
    printf("Press [enter] at the start of a line to stop.\n");
    while (count < 5 && s_gets(m[count].ins_num, LEN) && m[count].ins_num[0] != '\0')
    {
        printf("Now enter the former name.\n");
        s_gets(m[count].name.fname, N);
        printf("Now enter the middle name(Without,[enter] to the next).\n");
        s_gets(m[count].name.mname, N);
        printf("Now enter the last name.\n");
        s_gets(m[count].name.lname, N);
        if (count++ < 5)
        {
            printf("Enter the next insurance number:\n");
        }
    }
    if (count > 0)
    {
        show(m, count);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("No data!\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

char *s_gets(char *st, int n)
{
    char *ret_val;
    char *find;

    ret_val = fgets(st, n, stdin);
    if (ret_val)
    {
        find = strchr(st, '\n');
        if (find)
        {
            *find = '\0';
        }
        else
        {
            while (getchar() != '\n')
                continue;
        }
    }
    return ret_val;
}

void show(const struct messages pt[], int n)
{
    int i;

    printf("All numbers messages:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        if (pt[i].name.mname[0] == '\0')
        {
            printf("%s, %s", pt[i].name.fname, pt[i].name.lname);
            printf(" -- %s\n", pt[i].ins_num);
        }
        else
        {
            printf("%s, %s %c.", pt[i].name.fname, pt[i].name.lname, pt[i].name.mname[0]);
            printf(" -- %s\n", pt[i].ins_num);
        }
    }
    return;
}

5．编写一个程序满足下面的要求。
a，外部定义一个有两个成员的结构模板name:一个字符串储存名，一个字符串储存姓。
b．外部定义一个有3个成员的结构模板student:一个name类型的结构，一个grade数组储
存3个浮点型分数，一个变量储存3个分数平均数。
c．在main ()函数中声明一个内含cSIZE (CSIzE = 4)个student类型结构的数组，并初始
化这些结构的名字部分。用函数执行g、e、f和g中描述的任务。
d．以交互的方式获取每个学生的成绩，提示用户输入学生的姓名和分数。把分数储存到grade数
组相应的结构中。可以在main ()函数或其他函数中用循环来完成。
e．计算每个结构的平均分，并把计算后的值赋给合适的成员。
f.打印每个结构的信息。
g.打印班级的平均分，即所有结构的数值成员的平均值。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define LEN 15
#define CSIZE 4
#define SCORES 3

struct name
{
    char fname[LEN];
    char lname[LEN];
};

struct student
{
    struct name mes;
    float grade[SCORES];
    float aver;
};

void set_students(struct student ar[], int n);
void find_averages(struct student ar[], int n);
void show_messages(const struct student ar[], int n);
void show_averages(const struct student ar[], int n);

int main(void)
{
    struct student classes[CSIZE] =
    {
        {"Flip", "Snide"},
        {"Clare", "Voyans"},
        {"Bingo", "Higgs"},
        {"Fawn", "Hunter"}
    };

    set_students(classes, CSIZE);
    find_averages(classes, CSIZE);
    show_messages(classes, CSIZE);
    show_averages(classes, CSIZE);

    return 0;
}

void set_students(struct student ar[], int n)
{
    int i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        printf("请为%s %s输入3个成绩:\n", ar[i].mes.fname, ar[i].mes.lname);
        for (j = 0; j < SCORES; j++)
        {
            while (scanf("%f", &ar[i].grade[j]) != 1)
            {
                while (getchar() != '\n')
                    continue;
                printf("数据无效!请重新输入:");
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

void find_averages(struct student ar[], int n)
{
    int i, j;
    float sum;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0, sum = 0.0f; j < SCORES; j++)
        {
            sum += ar[i].grade[j];
        }
        ar[i].aver = sum / SCORES;
    }
    return;
}

void show_messages(const struct student ar[], int n)
{
    int i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        printf("\n%s %s的3科成绩是:", ar[i].mes.fname, ar[i].mes.lname);
        for (j = 0; j < SCORES; j++)
        {
            printf("%g ", ar[i].grade[j]);
        }
        printf("\n平均分是:%g\n", ar[i].aver);
    }
    return;
}

void show_averages(const struct student ar[], int n)
{
    int i;
    float total;

    for (i = 0, total = 0.0f; i < n; i++)
    {
        total += ar[i].aver;
    }
    printf("\n班级平均分是:%g\n", total / n);
    return;
}

6.一个文本文件中保存着一个垒球队的信息。每行数据都是这样排列:
4 Jessie Joybat 5 2 1 1
第Ⅰ项是球员号，为方便起见，其范围是0~18。第2项是球员的名。第3项是球员的姓。名和姓都是一个单词。第4项是官方统计的球员上场次数。接着3项分别是击中数、走垒数和打点(RBD)。文件可能包含多场比赛的数据，所以同一位球员可能有多行数据，而且同一位球员的多行数据之间可能有其他球员的数据。编写一个程序，把数据储存到一个结构数组中。该结构中的成员要分别表示球员的名、姓、上场次数、击中数、走垒数、打点和安打率（稍后计算)。可以使用球员号作为数组的索引。该程序要读到文件结尾，并统计每位球员的各项累计总和。
世界棒球统计与之相关。例如，一次走垒和触垒中的失误不计入上场次数，但是可能产生一个RBl。但是该程序要做的是像下面描述的一样读取和处理数据文件，不会关心数据的实际含义。
要实现这些功能，最简单的方法是把结构的内容都初始化为零，把文件中的数据读入临时变量中，然后将其加入相应的结构中。程序读完文件后，应计算每位球员的安打率，并把计算结果储存到结构的相应成员中。计算安打率是用球员的累计击中数除以上场累计次数。这是一个浮点数计算。最后，程序结合整个球队的统计数据，一行显示一位球员的累计数据。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define LEN 19

typedef struct
{
    int id;          //球员的编号
    char fname[LEN]; //球员的名;
    char lname[LEN]; //球员的姓;
    int stage_num;   //球员的上场次数;
    int hit_num;     //球员的击中数;
    int base_num;    //球员的走垒数;
    int rbi;         //球员的打点;
    float hit_rate;  //球员的安打率;
} TEAM;

int read_datas(TEAM players[], int n, FILE *fp);
void count_hit_rate(TEAM players[], int n);
void show_messages(TEAM players[], int n);

static TEAM players[LEN]; //全局静态变量中数据已清0;

int main(void)
{
    FILE *fp;
    int len;

    if ((fp = fopen("datas.txt", "r")) == NULL)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Can't open file datas.txt.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    len = read_datas(players, LEN, fp); //统计文件中不同球员的数量;
    count_hit_rate(players, len);
    show_messages(players, len);
    if (fclose(fp) != 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Can't close file datas.txt.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    return 0;
}

int read_datas(TEAM players[], int n, FILE *fp)
{
    int ch = 0;
    int count = 0;
    float hit_rate;
    char fname[LEN], lname[LEN];
    int m, stage_num, hit_num, base_num, rbi;

    count = fscanf(fp, "%d %18s %18s %d %d %d %d",
                   &m, fname, lname, &stage_num, &hit_num, &base_num, &rbi);

    while ((count == 7) && !feof(fp) && (ch < n))
    {
        if (players[m].stage_num == 0)
        {
            ch++;
        }
        strcpy(players[m].fname, fname);
        strcpy(players[m].lname, lname);
        players[m].id = m;
        players[m].stage_num += stage_num;
        players[m].hit_num += hit_num;
        players[m].base_num += base_num;
        players[m].rbi += rbi;
        count = fscanf(fp, "%d %18s %18s %d %d %d %d",
                       &m, fname, lname, &stage_num, &hit_num, &base_num, &rbi);
    }
    return ch;
}

void count_hit_rate(TEAM players[], int n)
{
    int i;

    if (n > 0)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            players[i].hit_rate = (float)players[i].hit_num / (float)players[i].stage_num;
            //计算每个运动员的安打率;
        }
    }
    return;
}

void show_messages(TEAM players[], int n)
{
    int i;

    if (0 == n)
    {
        printf("No datas!\n");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Datas for all players:\n");
        printf("Id   First_name   Last_name   Stage   Hit_rate   Base_num   RBI   Hit_rate\n");
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            printf("%-4d %-12s %-10s %5d %7d %11d %8d %8.2f\n",
                   players[i].id, players[i].fname, players[i].lname,
                   players[i].stage_num, players[i].hit_num, players[i].base_num,
                   players[i].rbi, players[i].hit_rate);
        }
    }
    return;
}

7．修改程序清单14.14，从文件中读取每条记录并显示出来，允许用户删除记录或修改记录的内容。
如果删除记录，把空出来的空间留给下一个要读入的记录。要修改现有的文件内容，必须用"r+b"模式，而不是"a+b"模式。而且，必须更加注意定位文件指针，防止新加入的记录覆盖现有记录。最简单的方法是改动储存在内存中的所有数据，然后再把最后的信息写入文件。跟踪的一个方法是在. book 结构中添加一个成员表示是否该项被删除。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#define MAXTITL 40
#define MAXAUTL 40
#define MAXBKS 10
#define CONTINUE 0
#define DONE 1

struct book
{
    char title[MAXTITL];
    char author[MAXAUTL];
    float value;
};

struct pack
{
    struct book books;
    bool canceled;
};

char *s_gets(char *st, int n);
int get_first(const char *str);
int get_books(struct pack *pb);
void update(struct pack *item);
void eatline(void);

int main(void)
{
    struct pack library[MAXBKS];
    int count = 0;
    int deleted = 0;
    int index, filecount, open;
    FILE *pbooks;
    int size = sizeof(struct book);

    if ((pbooks = fopen("book.dat", "rb")) != NULL)
    {
        while (count < MAXBKS && fread(&library[count], size, 1, pbooks) == 1)
        {
            if (count == 0)
            {
                puts("Current contents of book.dat:");
            }
            printf("%s by %s: $%.2f\n", library[count].books.title,
                   library[count].books.author, library[count].books.value);
            printf("Do you want to change or delete this entry(y/n)?\n");
            printf("Please you enter to choose: ");
            if (get_first("yn") == 'y')
            {
                printf("Enter c to change, d to delete entry: ");
                if (get_first("cd") == 'd')
                {
                    library[count].canceled = true; //作为删除的标记;
                    deleted++;
                    puts("Flag marked for deletion(The space for the next book).");
                }
                else
                {
                    update(&library[count]); //修改原书籍的内容;
                }
            }
            count++;
        }
        if (fclose(pbooks) != 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error in closing file.\n");
        }
    }
    filecount = count - deleted; //不用删除的书籍数量;
    if (count == MAXBKS)
    {
        fputs("The book.dat file is full.", stderr);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if (deleted > 0)
    {
        printf("If you delete some books, you should enter books to replace.\n");
    }
    puts("Please add new book titles.");
    puts("Press [enter] at the start of a line to stop.");
    open = 0;
    while (filecount < MAXBKS)
    {
        if (filecount < count) //删除书的循环次数,无法直接删除,只能用新书替换;
        {
            while (library[open].canceled == false)
            {
                open++; //跳转到要删除的书的位置处;
            }
            if (get_books(&library[open]) == DONE)
            {
                break; //若未输入新书覆盖原有书籍则循环终止;
            }
        }
        else if (get_books(&library[filecount]) == DONE)
        {
            break; //添加新的书籍;
        }
        filecount++;
        if (filecount < MAXBKS)
        {
            puts("Enter the next book title.");
        }
    }

    puts("Here is the list of your books:");
    for (index = 0; index < filecount; index++)
    {
        if (library[index].canceled == false)
        {
            printf("%s by %s: $%.2f\n", library[index].books.title,
                   library[index].books.author, library[index].books.value);
        }
    }
    if ((pbooks = fopen("book.dat", "wb")) == NULL)
    {
        fputs("Can't open book.dat file for output.\n", stderr);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    for (index = 0; index < filecount; index++)
    {
        if (library[index].canceled == false)
        {
            fwrite(&(library[index].books), size, 1, pbooks); //直接修改原文本内容;
        }
    }
    if (fclose(pbooks) != 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error in closing file.\n");
    }
    puts("Bye.\n");

    return 0;
}

int get_first(const char *str) //获取输入选择的函数;
{
    int ch;

    ch = tolower(getchar());
    while (strchr(str, ch) == NULL)
    {
        printf("Invalid data! Please enter again: ");
        eatline();
        ch = tolower(getchar());
    }
    eatline();

    return ch;
}

int get_books(struct pack *pb) //保存用户输入的书籍的数据;
{
    int status = CONTINUE;

    if (s_gets(pb->books.title, MAXTITL) == NULL || pb->books.title[0] == '\0')
    {
        status = DONE; //若是输入EOF或换行符则改变status的值并将其返回;
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Now enter the author: ");
        s_gets(pb->books.author, MAXAUTL);
        printf("Now enter the value: ");
        while (scanf("%f", &pb->books.value) != 1)
        {
            eatline();
            puts("Please enter a valid value: ");
        }
        eatline();
        pb->canceled = false;
    }
    return status;
}

void update(struct pack *item)
{
    int ch;
    struct book copy;

    copy = item->books; //保存原书的内容以便修改;
    puts("============================================");
    puts("t) modify title a) modify author");
    puts("v) modify value s) quit and save changes");
    puts("q) quit and ignore changes");
    puts("============================================");
    printf("Please you enter to choose: ");
    while ((ch = get_first("tavsq")) != 's' && ch != 'q')
    {
        switch (ch)
        {
        case 't':
        {
            printf("Please enter new title: ");
            s_gets(copy.title, MAXTITL);
            break;
        }
        case 'a':
        {
            printf("Please enter new author: ");
            s_gets(copy.author, MAXAUTL);
            break;
        }
        case 'v':
        {
            printf("Please enter new value: ");
            while (scanf("%f", &copy.value) != 1)
            {
                eatline();
                puts("Please enter a valid value: ");
            }
            eatline();
            break;
        }
        }
        puts("============================================");
        puts("t) modify title a) modify author");
        puts("v) modify value s) quit, saving changes");
        puts("q) quit, ignore changes");
        puts("============================================");
        printf("You can choose again: "); //输入q退出程序且不改变原书的内容;
    }
    if (ch == 's')
    {
        item->books = copy; //修改原书的内容;
    }
    return;
}

char *s_gets(char *st, int n)
{
    char *ret_val;
    char *find;

    ret_val = fgets(st, n, stdin);
    if (ret_val)
    {
        find = strchr(st, '\n');
        if (find)
        {
            *find = '\0';
        }
        else
        {
            while (getchar() != '\n')
                continue;
        }
    }
    return ret_val;
}

void eatline(void)
{
    while (getchar() != '\n')
        continue;
    return;
}

8．巨人航空公司的机群由 12个座位的飞机组成。它每天飞行一个航班。根据下面的要求，编写一个座位预订程序。
a.该程序使用一个内含12个结构的数组。每个结构中包括:一个成员表示座位编号、一个成员
表示座位是否已被预订、一个成员表示预订人的名、一个成员表示预订人的姓。
b.该程序显示下面的菜单:
To choose a function,enter its letter label :
a) Show number of empty seats
b) Show list of empty seats
c) Show alphabetical list of seats
d) Assign a customer toa seat assignmente )Delete a seat assignment
f) Quit
c．该程序能成功执行上面给出的菜单。选择d)和 e)要提示用户进行额外输入，每个选项都能让
用户中止输入。
d．执行特定程序后，该程序再次显示菜单，除非用户选择f)。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#define LEN 14
#define SEATS 12

typedef struct
{
    int seat_id;
    bool status;
    char last[LEN];
    char first[LEN];
} plane;

int getmenu(void);
int get_first(void);
int openings(const plane pl[], int n);
void show_empty_seats(const plane pl[], int n);
void list_assign(plane *ps[], int n);
void assign_seat(plane pl[], int n);
void delete_seat(plane pl[], int n);
void show_seats(const plane pl[]);
void sort(plane *array[], int n);
void makelist(const plane pl[], char *str, int kind);
char *s_gets(char *st, int n);
void eatline(void);

int main(void)
{
    int i, choice;
    plane plane_seat[SEATS];
    plane *ps[SEATS];

    for (i = 0; i < SEATS; i++)
    {
        ps[i] = &plane_seat[i];
    }
    for (i = 0; i < SEATS; i++)
    {
        plane_seat[i].status = false;
        plane_seat[i].seat_id = i + 1;
    }
    while ((choice = getmenu()) != 'f')
    {
        switch (choice)
        {
        case 'a':
        {
            printf("There are %d empty seats.\n", openings(plane_seat, SEATS));
            break;
        }
        case 'b':
        {
            show_empty_seats(plane_seat, SEATS);
            break;
        }
        case 'c':
        {
            list_assign(ps, SEATS);
            break;
        }
        case 'd':
        {
            assign_seat(plane_seat, SEATS);
            break;
        }
        case 'e':
        {
            delete_seat(plane_seat, SEATS);
            break;
        }
        }
        putchar('\n');
    }
    puts("Bye from Colossus Airlines!");

    return 0;
}

int getmenu(void)
{
    int ch;

    puts("To choose a function, enter its letter label:");
    puts("a) Show number of empty seats");
    puts("b) Show list of empty seats");
    puts("c) Show alphabetical list of seat");
    puts("d) Assign a customer to a seat");
    puts("e) Delete a seat assignment");
    puts("f) Quit");
    printf("Please you enter to choose: ");
    ch = get_first();
    while (strchr("abcdef", ch) == NULL)
    {
        printf("Invalid data! Please you choose again: ");
        ch = get_first();
    }
    return ch;
}

int get_first(void)
{
    int ch;

    do
    {
        ch = tolower(getchar());
    } while (isspace(ch));
    eatline();

    return ch;
}

int openings(const plane pl[], int n) //显示空座位的数量;
{
    int seat;
    int count = 0;

    for (seat = 0; seat < n; seat++)
    {
        if (pl[seat].status == false)
        {
            count++;
        }
    }
    return count;
}

void list_assign(plane *ps[], int n) //显示按照字母序列排序后的座位表;
{
    int i;

    if (openings(*ps, n) == SEATS)
    {
        puts("All seats are empty.");
    }
    else
    {
        sort(ps, n);
        for (i = 0; i < SEATS; i++)
        {
            if (ps[i]->status == true)
            {
                printf("Seat %d: %s, %s\n", ps[i]->seat_id, ps[i]->last, ps[i]->first);
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

void show_seats(const plane pl[]) //显示已分配的座位;
{
    int i;

    puts("Seats currently taken:");
    for (i = 0; i < SEATS; i++)
    {
        if (pl[i].status == true)
        {
            printf("Seat %d: %s, %s\n", pl[i].seat_id, pl[i].last, pl[i].first);
        }
    }
    return;
}

void sort(plane *array[], int n) //按照ASCII码进行座位排序;
{
    int i, j;
    plane *temp;

    for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
    {
        for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
        {
            if (strcmp(array[j]->last, array[i]->last) < 0)
            {
                temp = array[j];
                array[j] = array[i];
                array[i] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

char *s_gets(char *st, int n)
{
    char *ret_val;
    char *find;

    ret_val = fgets(st, n, stdin);
    if (ret_val)
    {
        find = strchr(st, '\n');
        if (find)
        {
            *find = '\0';
        }
        else
        {
            while (getchar() != '\n')
                continue;
        }
    }
    return ret_val;
}

void eatline(void)
{
    while (getchar() != '\n')
        continue;
    return;
}

void show_empty_seats(const plane pl[], int n) //显示空座位的信息;
{
    char seating[3 * SEATS];

    if (openings(pl, n) == 0)
    {
        puts("All seats are assigned");
    }
    else
    {
        makelist(pl, seating, false);
        printf("The following seats are available: ");
        puts(seating);
    }
    return;
}

void makelist(const plane pl[], char *str, int kind) //为分配和删除座位提供当前处理的座位数;
{
    int seat;
    char temp[LEN];

    *str = '\0'; //清空str中的内容;
    for (seat = 0; seat < SEATS; seat++)
    {
        if (pl[seat].status == kind)
        {
            sprintf(temp, "%d ", pl[seat].seat_id);
            strcat(str, temp);
        }
    }
    return;
}

void assign_seat(plane pl[], int n) //分配空余座位;
{
    int ch, seat, flag;
    char list[3 * SEATS];

    if (openings(pl, n) == false)
    {
        puts("All seats are assigned. Can't assign again!");
    }
    else
    {
        makelist(pl, list, false);
        printf("Available seats: %s\n", list);
        printf("Which seat do you want? Please you enter from the lists: ");
        do
        {
            while (scanf("%d", &seat) != 1)
            {
                eatline();
                printf("Seats: %s\n", list);
                printf("Enter a number from the lists: ");
            }
            if (seat < 1 || seat > SEATS || pl[seat - 1].status == true)
            {
                printf("Seats: %s\n", list);
                printf("Enter a number from the lists: ");
                flag = 1;
            }
            else
            {
                flag = 0;
            }
        } while (1 == flag); 

        eatline();
        puts("Enter first name:");
        s_gets(pl[seat - 1].first, LEN);
        puts("Enter last name:");
        s_gets(pl[seat - 1].last, LEN);
        printf("%s %s assigned to seat %d.\n", pl[seat - 1].first, pl[seat - 1].last, seat);

        printf("Enter a to accept assignment, c to cancel it: ");
        ch = get_first();
        while (strchr("ac", ch) == NULL)
        {
            printf("Please enter a or c: ");
            ch = get_first();
        }
        if (ch == 'a')
        {
            pl[seat - 1].status = true;
            puts("Passenger assigned to seat.");
        }
        else if (ch == 'c')
        {
            puts("Passenger not assigned.");
        }
    }
    return;
}

void delete_seat(plane pl[], int n) 
{
    int ch, seat, flag;
    char list[3 * SEATS];

    if (openings(pl, n) == SEATS)
    {
        puts("All seats already are empty. Can't delete!");
    }
    else
    {
        show_seats(pl);
        makelist(pl, list, true);
        printf("Enter the number of the seat to be deleted: ");
        do
        {
            while (scanf("%d", &seat) != 1)
            {
                eatline();
                printf("Seats: %s\n", list);
                printf("Enter a number from the lists:");
            }
            if (seat < 1 || seat > SEATS || pl[seat - 1].status == false)
            {
                printf("Seats: %s\n", list);
                printf("Enter a number from this list:");
                flag = 1;
            }
            else
            {
                flag = 0;
            }
        } while (1 == flag);

        eatline();
        printf("%s %s to be canceled for seat %d.\n", pl[seat - 1].first, pl[seat - 1].last, seat);
        printf("Enter d to delete assignment, a to abort: ");
        ch = get_first();
        while (strchr("da", ch) == NULL)
        {
            printf("Please enter d or a: ");
            ch = get_first();
        }
        if (ch == 'd')
        {
            pl[seat - 1].status = false;
            puts("Passenger dropped.");
        }
        else if (ch == 'a')
        {
            puts("Passenger retained.");
        }
    }
    return;
}

9．巨人航空公司（编程练习8）需要另一架飞机（容量相同)，每天飞4班（航班102、311、444 和519)。把程序扩展为可以处理4个航班。用一个顶层菜单提供航班选择和退出。选择一个特定航班，就会出现和编程练习8类似的菜单。但是该菜单要添加一个新选项:确认座位分配。而且，菜单中的退出是返回顶层菜单。每次显示都要指明当前正在处理的航班号。另外，座位分配显示要指明确认状态。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#define LEN 14
#define SEATS 12

typedef struct
{
    int seat_id;
    bool status;
    char last[LEN];
    char first[LEN];
} plane;

int getmenu(int choice);
int get_first(void);
int openings(const plane pl[], int n);
void show_empty_seats(const plane pl[], int n);
void list_assign(plane *ps[], int n);
void assign_seat(plane pl[], int n);
void delete_seat(plane pl[], int n);
void show_seats(const plane pl[]);
void sort(plane *array[], int n);
void makelist(const plane pl[], char *str, int kind);
char *s_gets(char *st, int n);
void eatline(void);
void airline(int choice, plane *pl, plane *ps[]);
void init(plane *pl, plane *ps[]);
int show_airline_menu(void);
void confirm_seat(const plane pl[]);

int main(void)
{
    int ch;
    plane airline_102[SEATS];
    plane airline_311[SEATS];
    plane airline_444[SEATS];
    plane airline_519[SEATS];
    plane *ps_102[SEATS];
    plane *ps_311[SEATS];
    plane *ps_444[SEATS];
    plane *ps_519[SEATS];

    init(airline_102, ps_102);
    init(airline_311, ps_311);
    init(airline_444, ps_444);
    init(airline_519, ps_519);
    while ((ch = show_airline_menu()) != 'q')
    {
        putchar('\n');
        switch (ch)
        {
        case 'a':
        {
            airline(ch, airline_102, ps_102);
            break;
        }
        case 'b':
        {
            airline(ch, airline_311, ps_311);
            break;
        }
        case 'c':
        {
            airline(ch, airline_444, ps_444);
            break;
        }
        case 'd':
        {
            airline(ch, airline_519, ps_519);
            break;
        }
        }
        putchar('\n');
    }
    puts("Bye from Colossus Airlines!");

    return 0;
}

void init(plane *pl, plane *ps[])
{
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < SEATS; i++)
    {
        ps[i] = &pl[i];
    }
    for (i = 0; i < SEATS; i++)
    {
        pl[i].status = false;
        pl[i].seat_id = i + 1;
    }
    return;
}

int show_airline_menu(void)
{
    int ch;

    puts("There are some airlines for you to choose(q to quit).");
    puts("a) Airline 102.");
    puts("b) Airline 311.");
    puts("c) Airline 444.");
    puts("d) Airline 519.");
    puts("q) Quit the program.");
    printf("Please you enter to choose: ");
    ch = get_first();
    while (strchr("abcdq", ch) == NULL)
    {
        printf("Please enter a,b,c,d or q: ");
        ch = get_first();
    }
    return ch;
}

void airline(int choice, plane *pl, plane *ps[])
{
    int ch;

    while ((ch = getmenu(choice)) != 'f')
    {
        switch (ch)
        {
        case 'a':
        {
            printf("There are %d empty seats.\n", openings(pl, SEATS));
            break;
        }
        case 'b':
        {
            show_empty_seats(pl, SEATS);
            break;
        }
        case 'c':
        {
            list_assign(ps, SEATS);
            break;
        }
        case 'd':
        {
            assign_seat(pl, SEATS);
            break;
        }
        case 'e':
        {
            delete_seat(pl, SEATS);
            break;
        }
        case 'g':
        {
            confirm_seat(pl);
            break;
        }
        }
        putchar('\n');
    }
    return;
}

int getmenu(int choice)
{
    int ch;

    if (choice == 'a')
    {
        printf("The airline 102 is being processed.\n");
    }
    else if (choice == 'b')
    {
        printf("The airline 311 is being processed.\n");
    }
    else if (choice == 'c')
    {
        printf("The airline 444 is being processed.\n");
    }
    else if (choice == 'd')
    {
        printf("The airline 519 is being processed.\n");
    }
    puts("To choose a function, enter its letter label:");
    puts("a) Show number of empty seats");
    puts("b) Show list of empty seats");
    puts("c) Show alphabetical list of seat");
    puts("d) Assign a customer to a seat");
    puts("e) Delete a seat assignment");
    puts("f) Quit");
    puts("g) Confirm seat assignment");
    printf("Please you enter to choose: ");
    ch = get_first();
    while (strchr("abcdefg", ch) == NULL)
    {
        printf("Please enter a,b,c,d,e,f or g: ");
        ch = get_first();
    }
    return ch;
}

int get_first(void) //获取输入的第一个字符,丢弃剩余字符;
{
    int ch;

    do
    {
        ch = tolower(getchar());
    } while (isspace(ch));
    eatline();

    return ch;
}

int openings(const plane pl[], int n) //显示空座位的数量;
{
    int seat;
    int count = 0;

    for (seat = 0; seat < n; seat++)
    {
        if (pl[seat].status == false)
        {
            count++;
        }
    }
    return count;
}

void list_assign(plane *ps[], int n) //显示按照字母序列排序后的座位表;
{
    int i;

    if (openings(*ps, n) == SEATS)
    {
        puts("All seats are empty.");
    }
    else
    {
        sort(ps, n);
        for (i = 0; i < SEATS; i++)
        {
            if (ps[i]->status == true)
            {
                printf("Seat %d: %s, %s\n", ps[i]->seat_id, ps[i]->last, ps[i]->first);
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

void show_seats(const plane pl[]) //显示已分配的座位;
{
    int i;

    puts("Seats currently taken:");
    for (i = 0; i < SEATS; i++)
    {
        if (pl[i].status == true)
        {
            printf("Seat %d: %s, %s\n", pl[i].seat_id, pl[i].last, pl[i].first);
        }
    }
    return;
}

void confirm_seat(const plane pl[]) //确认座位分配;
{
    int i;

    puts("Seats assignment lists:");
    for (i = 0; i < SEATS; i++)
    {
        if (pl[i].status == true)
        {
            printf("Seat %d: assigned.\n", pl[i].seat_id);
        }
        else
        {
            printf("Seat %d: unassigned.\n", pl[i].seat_id);
        }
    }
    return;
}

void sort(plane *array[], int n) //按照ASCII码进行座位排序;
{
    int i, j;
    plane *temp;

    for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
    {
        for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
        {
            if (strcmp(array[j]->last, array[i]->last) < 0)
            {
                temp = array[j];
                array[j] = array[i];
                array[i] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

char *s_gets(char *st, int n)
{
    char *ret_val;
    char *find;

    ret_val = fgets(st, n, stdin);
    if (ret_val)
    {
        find = strchr(st, '\n');
        if (find)
        {
            *find = '\0';
        }
        else
        {
            while (getchar() != '\n')
                continue;
        }
    }
    return ret_val;
}

void eatline(void)
{
    while (getchar() != '\n')
        continue;
    return;
}

void show_empty_seats(const plane pl[], int n) //显示空座位的信息;
{
    char seating[3 * SEATS];

    if (openings(pl, n) == 0)
    {
        puts("All seats are assigned");
    }
    else
    {
        makelist(pl, seating, false);
        printf("The following seats are available: ");
        puts(seating);
    }
    return;
}

void makelist(const plane pl[], char *str, int kind) //为分配和删除座位提供当前处理的座位数;
{
    int seat;
    char temp[LEN];

    *str = '\0'; //清空str中的内容;
    for (seat = 0; seat < SEATS; seat++)
    {
        if (pl[seat].status == kind)
        {
            sprintf(temp, "%d ", pl[seat].seat_id);
            strcat(str, temp);
        }
    }
    return;
}

void assign_seat(plane pl[], int n) //分配空余座位;
{
    int ch, seat, flag;
    char list[3 * SEATS];

    if (openings(pl, n) == false)
    {
        puts("All seats are assigned. Can't assign again!");
    }
    else
    {
        makelist(pl, list, false);
        printf("Available seats: %s\n", list);
        printf("Which seat do you want? Please you enter from the lists: ");
        do
        {
            while (scanf("%d", &seat) != 1)
            {
                eatline();
                printf("Seats: %s\n", list);
                printf("Enter a number from the lists: ");
            }
            if (seat < 1 || seat > SEATS || pl[seat - 1].status == true)
            {
                printf("Seats: %s\n", list);
                printf("Enter a number from the lists: ");
                flag = 1;
            }
            else
            {
                flag = 0;
            }
        } while (1 == flag); //本循环判断并处理用户的错误输入;

        eatline();
        puts("Enter first name:");
        s_gets(pl[seat - 1].first, LEN);
        puts("Enter last name:");
        s_gets(pl[seat - 1].last, LEN);
        printf("%s %s assigned to seat %d.\n", pl[seat - 1].first, pl[seat - 1].last, seat);

        printf("Enter a to accept assignment, c to cancel it: ");
        ch = get_first();
        while (strchr("ac", ch) == NULL)
        {
            printf("Please enter a or c: ");
            ch = get_first();
        }
        if (ch == 'a')
        {
            pl[seat - 1].status = true;
            puts("Passenger assigned to seat.");
        }
        else if (ch == 'c')
        {
            puts("Passenger not assigned.");
        }
    }
    return;
}

void delete_seat(plane pl[], int n) //删除已分配的座位;
{
    int ch, seat, flag;
    char list[3 * SEATS];

    if (openings(pl, n) == SEATS)
    {
        puts("All seats already are empty. Can't delete!");
    }
    else
    {
        show_seats(pl);
        makelist(pl, list, true);
        printf("Enter the number of the seat to be deleted: ");
        do
        {
            while (scanf("%d", &seat) != 1)
            {
                eatline();
                printf("Seats: %s\n", list);
                printf("Enter a number from the lists:");
            }
            if (seat < 1 || seat > SEATS || pl[seat - 1].status == false)
            {
                printf("Seats: %s\n", list);
                printf("Enter a number from this list:");
                flag = 1;
            }
            else
            {
                flag = 0;
            }
        } while (1 == flag);

        eatline();
        printf("%s %s to be canceled for seat %d.\n", pl[seat - 1].first, pl[seat - 1].last, seat);
        printf("Enter d to delete assignment, a to abort: ");
        ch = get_first();
        while (strchr("da", ch) == NULL)
        {
            printf("Please enter d or a: ");
            ch = get_first();
        }
        if (ch == 'd')
        {
            pl[seat - 1].status = false;
            puts("Passenger dropped.");
        }
        else if (ch == 'a')
        {
            puts("Passenger retained.");
        }
    }
    return;
}

10．编写一个程序，通过一个函数指针数组实现菜单。例如，选择菜单中的 a，将激活由该数组第I个元素指向的函数。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#define NUM 4

double twice(double x);
double half(double x);
double square(double x);
int showmenu(void);
int get_first(void);
void eatline(void);
void show(int i, double x, double (*pf[NUM])(double));

int main(void)
{
    int choice;
    double number;
    double (*pf[NUM])(double) = {twice, half, square, sqrt};

    while ((choice = showmenu()) != 'q')
    {
        printf("请您输入一个数:");
        while (scanf("%lf", &number) != 1)
        {
            eatline();
            printf("数据无效!请重新输入:");
        }
        switch (choice)
        {
        case 'a':
        {
            show(0, number, pf);
            break;
        }
        case 'b':
        {
            show(1, number, pf);
            break;
        }
        case 'c':
        {
            show(2, number, pf);
            break;
        }
        case 'd':
        {
            show(3, number, pf);
            break;
        }
        }
    }
    printf("本程序完成!\n");

    return 0;
}

int showmenu(void)
{
    int ch;

    puts("===============================");
    puts("本程序对用户输入的数进行操作");
    puts("以下是可供选择的选项:");
    puts("a) 翻倍此数      b) 折半此数");
    puts("c) 平方此数      d) 开平方此数");
    puts("q) 退出本程序");
    puts("===============================");
    printf("请您输入选择:");
    while (ch = get_first(), (NULL == strchr("abcdq", ch)))
    {
        printf("请您重新输入a,b,c,d或q:");
    }
    return ch;
}

double twice(double x)
{
    return 2.0 * x;
}

double half(double x)
{
    return x / 2.0;
}

double square(double x)
{
    return x * x;
}

void eatline(void)
{
    while (getchar() != '\n')
        continue;
    return;
}

int get_first(void)
{
    int ch;

    do
    {
        ch = tolower(getchar());
    } while (isspace(ch));
    eatline();

    return ch;
}

void show(int i, double x, double (*pf[NUM])(double))
{
    x = (*pf[i])(x);
    printf("操作完成后此数是:%g\n\n", x);
    return;
}

11．编写一个名为transform()的函数，接受4个参数:内含double类型数据的源数组名、内含double类型数据的目标数组名、一个表示数组元素个数的int类型参数、函数名（或等价的函数指针)。transform ()函数应把指定函数应用于源数组中的每个元素，并把返回值储存在目标数组中。例如:
transform (source, target,100,sin) ;
该声明会把target [0]设置为sin(source [ 0])，等等，共有100个元素。在一个程序中调用transform( )4次，以测试该函数。分别使用math. h函数库中的两个函数以及自定义的两个函数作为参数。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#define LEN 5

double square(double x);
double triple(double x);
void transform(double x[], double y[], int n, double (*p)(double));
void show_array(double temp[], int n);

int main(void)
{
    double x[LEN] = {2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 9.0};
    double y[LEN] = {0.0};

    printf("此数组是:\n");
    show_array(x, LEN);

    printf("\n原目标数组是:\n");
    show_array(y, LEN);

    transform(x, y, LEN, sqrt);
    printf("\n赋值后目标数组开平方后是:\n");
    show_array(y, LEN);

    transform(x, y, LEN, cbrt);
    printf("\n赋值后目标数组开立方后是:\n");
    show_array(y, LEN);

    transform(x, y, LEN, square);
    printf("\n赋值后目标数组平方后是:\n");
    show_array(y, LEN);

    transform(x, y, LEN, triple);
    printf("\n赋值后目标数组立方后是:\n");
    show_array(y, LEN);

    return 0;
}

double square(double x)
{
    return x * x;
}

double triple(double x)
{
    return x * x * x;
}

void transform(double x[], double y[], int n, double (*p)(double))
{
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        y[i] = p(x[i]);
    }
    return;
}

void show_array(double temp[], int n)
{
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        printf("%-8g ", temp[i]);
    }
    putchar('\n');
    return;
}