asterisk sip.conf 配置选项说明

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Asterisk config sip.conf

Page Contents

Configuration file for Asterisk SIP channels, for both inbound and outbound calls.

New in Asterisk v1.2.0: The global option "port" in 1.0.X that is used to set which port to bind to has been changed to "bindport" to be more consistent with the other channel drivers and to avoid confusion with the "port" option for users/peers.

[tammari]
type=friend
callerid="Tuomas Tammisalo" <1000>
username=tammari
host=dynamic
secret=********
regcontext=tammari-internal
regexten=1005
dtmfmode=rfc2833
insecure=very
canreinvite=yes
nat=yes
qualify=yes
context=merus-sipphone
pickupgroup=1
callgroup=1
mailbox=1000@default

Asterisk as a SIP client

In sip.conf under [general] add a register definition:

Format:
register => user[:secret[:authuser]]@host[:port][/extension]

or
register => fromuser@fromdomain:secret@host

or
register => fromuser@fromdomain:secret:authuser@host:port/extension

See also: bug 14367 with a documentation fix for 1.6.

If you have problems with your network connection going up and down (e.g. an unreliable cable connection) and you keep losing your sip registry, you may want to add registerattempts andregistertimeout settings to the general section above the register definitions. Setting registerattempts=0will force Asterisk to attempt to reregister until it can (the default is 10 tries). registertimeout sets the length of time in seconds between registration attempts (the default is 20 seconds).

In case of DynDNS issues, for example with myasterisk.dyndns.org changing its IP, you might want to consider taking a look at ddclient to automate a "sip reload" in the CLI.

P.S. Note for sipgate.co.uk users: /extension must be your sipgate number (this is not true; I am using "99" --jrc) - define one to accept this in your extensions.conf. An alternate port does not seem to work with sipgate.co.uk unless it is defined as the bindport in sip.conf without the [:port] syntax.

Example:

; Register 2345@mysipprovider.com with authname 2345 at mysipprovider.com at sip provider as 1234 here:
register => 2345:password@mysipprovider.com/1234
; Register 1235@mysipprovider.com with authname 1235 and realm mysipprovider.com at proxyof.mysipprovider.com as s here.
; (as needed by budgetphone.nl):
register => 1235@mysipprovider.com:password:1235@proxyof.mysipprovider.com

user is the user id for this SIP server (ex 2345)
authuser is the optional authorization user for the SIP server
secret is the user's password
host is the domain or host name for the SIP server. This SIP server needs a definition in a section of its own in SIP.conf (mysipprovider.com).
port send the register request to this port at host. Defaults to 5060
/1234 is the Asterisk contact extension. 1234 is put into the contact header in the SIP Register message. The contact extension is used by remote SIP server when it needs to send a call to Asterisk. See the example below. The default context extension is "s".

Agreed, it's not very good to have a lot of cleartext passwords in this text file, but that's how it works now.
You only need to register if a) you want to be called, and b) you appear to the other side as having a dynamic IP address. Check the success of your own server's registrations at the CLI with "SIP SHOW REGISTRY", whereas you can obtain a list of clients that registered with your server with the help of "SIP SHOW PEERS". You may examine all details of a peer's registration with "SIP SHOW PEER <NAME>". Enter "HELP SIP" at the CLI for additional commands.

The server definition for outgoing calls looks like this:

[mysipprovider-out]
type=peer
secret=password
username=2345
host=sipserver.mysipprovider.com
fromuser=2345
fromdomain=fwd.pulver.com
canreinvite=no
insecure=very
qualify=yes
nat=yes
context=from-mysipprovider ; this section will be defined in extensions.conf

In extensions.conf you'd then use a statement like this:

exten => _9.,1,Dial(SIP/${EXTEN:1}@mysipprovider-out,30,r)

Please note that the ${EXTEN:1} variable here extracts all but the first characters from the current extension (the current match), in this case: 9 + the following digits. Refer to the Asterisk variables Substrings section for more details

Here is the section(in extensions.conf) which routes calls from our sip provider to where we decide:

[from-mysipprovider]
exten => 1234,1,Answer ; 1234 is the contact extension, default contact extension is "s"
exten => 1234,2,Dial(SIP/111,25,Ttr) ; incoming calls are redirected to SIP telephone with number 111
exten => 1234,3,Hangup

Another example

[general]
context = (own_context in extensions.conf where recive the call )
realm = real.com
bindport=5060
srvlookup=yes
disallow=all
allow=ulaw
allow=gsm
language=en

trustrpid = yes
sendrpid = yes

register => fromuser@fromdomain:secret@host
register => XXXX@YYYY.com:AAAA@IP

[my_provider]
type=peer
fromuser=XXXX
fromdomain=YYYY.com
canreinvite=no
secret=AAAAA
insecure=very
host= IP
disallow=all
allow=gsm
allow=ulaw
allow=alaw
qualify=yes
nat=no

Outbound call in extensions.conf
exten => _X.,1,Dial(SIP/${EXTEN}@my_provider)

SIP Configuration - general

The [general] section of sip.conf includes the following variables:

allowsubscribe = yes|no : Allow or Ignore Subscribe requests
allow = <codec> : Allow codecs in order of preference (Use DISALLOW=ALL first, before allowing other codecs)
disallow = all : Disallow all codecs (global configuration)
Asterisk sip allowexternaldomains = yes|no : Enable/Disable INVITE and REFER to non-local domains. Default yes. (New in v1.2.x).
allowguest = yes|no : Allow or reject guest calls. Default is yes. (this can also be set to 'osp' if asterisk was compiled with OSP support). (New in v1.2.x).
Asterisk sip allowoverlap = yes|no : Enable/disable overlap dialing support. Default yes.
Autocreatepeer = yes|no : If set, anyone will be able to log in as a peer (with no check of credentials; useful for operation with SER). Default no.
Asterisk sip autodomain = yes|no : Enable/disable Asterisk's ability to add local hostnames and local IP address to the domain list. externip or externhost are also taken into the domain list. Defaultno. (New in v1.2.x).
bindaddr = IP_Address : IP Address to bind to (listen on). Default 0.0.0.0 (all network interfaces).
bindport = Number : UDP Port to bind to (listen on). Used to be port in Asterisk v1.0.x. Default 5060.
callerid = <string> : Caller ID information used when nothing else is available. Defaults to asterisk. (The ability to override the default appears to available in Asterisk 1.0.9. Unsure about other versions.)
canreinvite = update|yes|no|nonat (global setting): For some reason this defaults to yes, so beware...
Asterisk sip checkmwi = Number : Global interval (in seconds) between mailbox checks. Default 10seconds. (New in v1.2.x)
Asterisk sip compactheaders = yes|no : Indicates Asterisk should send compact (i.e. abbreviated) headers in the SIP messages. Default no. (New in v1.2.x)
context = <contextname> : This is the default context and is used when a endpoint has no contextproperty. The context in section of an endpoint is used to route calls from that endpoint to the wanted destination. The context body is located in extensions.conf.
defaultexpirey= Number : Default duration (in seconds) of incoming/outgoing registration. Default120 seconds.
domain = domains : Comma separated list of domains which Asterisk is responsible for. (New in Asterisk 1.2.x)
dtmfmode = inband|info|rfc2833 (global setting). Default rfc2833. Warning: inband very high CPU load.
Asterisk sip dumphistory = yes|no : Enable support for dumping of SIP conversation's transaction history to LOG_DEBUG. Default no. (New in v1.2.x)
externip = IP_Address or a hostname : Address that we're going to put in SIP messages if we're behind a NAT. If a hostname is used as the value, then the IP address associated with the hostname is looked up only once during the reading of the sip.conf. If you want support for a hostname associated with a dynamic IP address, use Asterisk sip externhost.
Asterisk SIP externhost = hostname.tld : (New in Asterisk 1.2.x)
Asterisk SIP externrefresh = Number : Specify how often (in seconds) a hostname DNS lookup should be performed for the value entered in 'externhost'. Default 10 seconds. (New in Asterisk 1.2.x).

Asterisk sip ignoreregexpire = yes|no : Indicates whether to use Contact information about a peer even if the information is stale because it has reached its expiration time. Default no. (New in v1.2.x)
Asterisk sip jbenable = yes|no : Enables the use of a jitterbuffer on the receiving side of a SIP channel. (Added in Version 1.4)
Asterisk sip jbforce = yes|no : Forces the use of a jitterbuffer on the receive side of a SIP channel. Defaults to "no". (Added in Version 1.4)
Asterisk sip jbmaxsize = Number : Max length of the jitterbuffer in milliseconds. (Added in Version 1.4)
Asterisk sip jbresyncthreshold = Number : Jump in the frame timestamps over which the jitterbuffer is resynchronized. Useful to improve the quality of the voice, with big jumps in/broken timestamps, usually sent from exotic devices and programs. Defaults to 1000. (Added in Version 1.4)
Asterisk sip jbimpl = fixed|adaptive: Jitterbuffer implementation, used on the receiving side of a SIP channel. Two implementations are currently available - "fixed" (with size always equals to jbmaxsize) and "adaptive" (with variable size, actually the new jb of IAX2). Defaults to fixed. (Added in Version 1.4)
Asterisk sip jblog = no|yes: Enables jitterbuffer frame logging. Defaults to "no". (Added in Version 1.4)
language = <string> : Default language used by any Playback()/Background().
limitonpeers = yes|no: If set to yes use only the peer call counter for both incoming and outgoing calls (ref. hints, subscriptions, BLF; added in 1.4)
localnet = NetAddress/Netmask : local network and mask.
fromdomain= <domain> : Sets default From: domain in SIP messages when acting as a SIP ua (client)
insecure = very|yes|no|invite|port : Specifies how to handle connections with peers. Default no(authenticate all connections). (invite and port added in v1.2.x).
maxexpirey = Number : Max duration (in seconds) of incoming registration we allow. Default 3600seconds.
Asterisk sip musicclass = one of the classes specified in musiconhold.conf
Asterisk sip musiconhold = same as Asterisk sip musicclass
nat = yes|no : Please note that as of Asterisk 1.0.x nat can now have the values: yes|no|never|route. Default no which really means to use rfc3581 techniques.
notifymimetype = mediatype/subtype : Allow overriding of mime type in MWI NOTIFY used invoicemail online messages. Valid MIME types can be found here. Default application/simple-message-summary. (New in v1.2.x).
Asterisk sip notifyringing = yes|no : Notify subscription on RINGING state. Default yes. (New in v1.2.x).
outboundproxy = IP_address or DNS SRV name (excluding the _sip._udp prefix) : SRV name, hostname, or IP address of the outbound SIP Proxy. (New in v1.2.x).
Asterisk sip outboundproxyport = Number : UDP port number for the Outbound SIP Proxy. (New in v1.2.x).
pedantic = yes|no : Enable slow, pedantic checking of Call-ID:s, multiline SIP headers and URI-encoded headers. Default no.
port = <portno> : Default SIP port of peer. (this is not the port for Asterisk to listen. See bindport).
progressinband = never|no|yes : If we should generate in-band ringing always. Default never.
promiscredir= yes|no : Allows support for 302 Redirects; (Note: will redirect them all to the local extension returned in Contact rather than to that extension at the destination). Default no.
qualify = yes|no|milliseconds : Check if client is reachable. If yes, the checks occur every 60 seconds. Default no.
realm = my realm (Change authentication realm from asterisk (default) to your own. Requires Asterisk v1.x)
Asterisk sip recordhistory = yes|no. Enable logging of SIP conversation's transaction history. Default no. (New in v1.2.x).
regcontext = context : Default context to use for SIP REGISTER replies from the SIP Registrar.
register => <username>:<password>:[authid]@<sip client/peer id in sip.conf>/<contact> :Register with a SIP provider
Asterisk sip registerattempts = Number : Number of SIP REGISTER messages to send to a SIP Registrar before giving up. Default 0 (no limit). (New in v1.2.x).
Asterisk sip registertimeout = Number : Number of seconds to wait for a response from a SIP Registrar before classifying the SIP REGISTER has timed out. Default 20 seconds. (New in v1.2.x).
Asterisk sip relaxdtmf = yes|no: Default no.
Asterisk sip rtautoclear = yes|no|number : Auto-Expire friends created on the fly. If yes the autoexpire will be in 120 seconds. Default yes. (New in v1.2.x). Buggy up to 1.4.19, see bug 12707
Asterisk sip rtcachefriends = yes|no : Cache realtime friends by adding them to the internal list just like friends added from the config file. Default no. (New in v1.2.x). Buggy up to 1.4.19, see bug 12707
rtsavesysname = yes|no : If set will write the value of asterisk.conf options systemname to the sip peer table in the field "regserver". Useful for multi-server systems. (New in v1.?)
rtpholdtimeout = Number : Max number of seconds of inactivity before terminating a call on hold. Default 0 (no limit). (New in v1.2.x).
Asterisk sip rtpkeepalive = Number : Number of seconds, when a RTP Keepalive packet will be sent if no other RTP traffic on that connection. Default 0 (no RTP Keepalive). (New in v1.2.x).
rtptimeout = Number : Number of seconds, to wait for RTP traffic before classify the connection as discontinued. Default 0 (no RTP timeout). (New in v1.2.x).
Asterisk sip rtupdate = yes|no : Send registry updates to the database when using Realtime support. Default yes. (New in v1.2.x).
sendrpid = yes|no : If a Remote-Party-ID SIP header should be sent. Default no.
sipdebug = yes|no. Default setting for whether SIP debug is enabled upon loading of the sip.conf. Default no. (New in v1.2.x).
srvlookup = yes|no : Enable DNS SRV lookups on calls. Default no.
tos = <value> : Set IP QoS parameters for outgoing media streams (numeric values are also accepted, like tos=184 )
trustrpid = yes|no : If Remote-Party-ID SIP header should be trusted. Default no.
Asterisk sip useclientcode = yes|no : If yes, then the Call Originator as stated in the CDR will be changed to whatever is specified in a X-ClientCode SIP Header. Default no. (New in v1.2.x)
Asterisk sip usereqphone = yes|no : Indicates whether to add a ";user=phone" to the URI. Defaultno. (New in v1.2.x)
useragent = <string> : Allow the SIP header "User-Agent" to be customized. Default asterisk.
videosupport = yes|no : Turn on support for SIP video (peer specific setting added in SVN Dec 21 2005, bug 5427. Default no.
Asterisk sip vmexten = <string> : Dialplan extension to reach mailbox. Default asterisk. (New in v1.2.x)
callevents = yes|no: Set to yes to receive events on AMI when a call is put on/off hold.

SIP configurations - peers and clients

These variables can be configured for each SIP peer definition:

(If not specified, the configuration variable can be used for both type=peer and type=user.)

accountcode = <string> : Users may be associated with an accountcode. See Asterisk billing
allow = <codec> : Allow codecs in order of preference (Use DISALLOW=ALL first, before allowing other codecs)
disallow = all : Disallow all codecs for this peer or user definition.
allowguest = yes|no : Allow or reject guest calls (default is yes, this can also be set to 'osp' if asterisk was compiled with OSP support). (New in v1.2.x).
amaflags : Categorization for CDR records. Choices are default, omit, billing, documentation. SeeAsterisk billing
astdb : Appears to insert a value in the Asterisk database. See example below.
Asterisk sip auth = <authname> : Value assigned to the Digest username= SIP header.
callerid = <string> : Caller ID information used when nothing else is available. Defaults to asterisk.
busylevel = number : Number of simultaneous calls until user/peer is busy
Asterisk sip call-limit = number : Number of simultaneous calls through this user/peer.
callgroup = num1,num2-num3 : Defines call groups for calls to this device.
callingpres = number|descriptive_text : Set Caller-ID presentation on a call. Valid descriptive values are: allowed_not_screened, allowed_passed_screen, allowed_failed_screen, allowed, prohib_not_screened, prohib_passed_screen, prohib_failed_screen, prohib, and unavailable. SeeSetCallerPres for more information. Default allowed_not_screened.
canreinvite = update|yes|no|nonat : If the client is able to support SIP re-invites. Default yes.
Asterisk sip context = <context_name> : If type=user, the Context for the inbound call from this SIP user definition. If type=peer, the Context in the dialplan for outbound calls from this SIP peer definition. If type=friend the context used for both inbound and outbound calls through the SIP entities definition. If no type=user entry matches an inbound call, then a type=peer or type=friend will match if the hostname or IP address defined in host= matches.
defaultip = Dotted.Quad.IP.Addr : Default IP address of client if host=dynamic is specified. Used if client has not registered at any other IP address. Valid only for type=peer.
directrtpsetup = yes|no: Similar to canreinvite, but right away passes media to the other party like a SIP proxy
dtmfmode = inband|info|rfc2833 : How the client handles DTMF signalling. Default rfc2833.Warning: inband very high CPU load.
fromuser = <from_ID> : Specify user to put in "from" instead of $CALLERID(number) (overrides the callerid) when placing calls _to_ peer (another SIP proxy). Valid only for type=peer.
Asterisk sip fromdomain = <domain> : Sets default From: domain in SIP messages when placing calls _to_ peer. Valid only when in [general] section or type=peer.
Asterisk sip fullcontact = <sip:uri_contact> : SIP URI contact for realtime peer. Valid only for realtime peers.
host = dynamic|hostname|IPAddr : How to find the client - IP # or host name. If you want the phone to register itself, use the keyword dynamic instead of Host IP.
incominglimit and outgoinglimit = Number : Limits for number of simultaneous active calls for a SIP client. Valid only for type=peer.
insecure : very|yes|no|invite|port : Specifies how to handle connections with peers. Default no(authenticate all connections). (invite and port added in v1.2.x).
Asterisk sip ipaddr : Dotted Quad IP address of the peer. Valid only for realtime peers.
language : A language code defined in indications.conf - defines language for prompts
mailbox = mailbox : Voicemail extension (for message waiting indications). Valid only for type=peer.Edit: also valid for type=friend (verified with 1.4.22.1).
md5secret : MD5-Hash of "<user>:==SIP_realm==:<secret>" (can be used instead of secret). Default for authenticating to an Asterisk server when SIP realm is not explicitly declared is "<user>:asterisk:<secret>".
Asterisk sip musicclass = one of the classes specified in musiconhold.conf
Asterisk sip musiconhold = Set class of musiconhold on calls from SIP phone. Calls to the phone require SetMusicOnHold cmd of higher priority (lower numerical value of priority) than Dial cmd in dialplan in order to set this class for the call. Calls have the MusicOnHold class set on a per call basis, not on a per phone basis, and making a call through any extension specifyingSetMusicOnHold will override this value for the call.
Asterisk sip name = <name> : Name of the realtime peer. If the peer is an actual phone then this will generally be the extension number of that phone. On some softphones this field corresponds to the "username" field/option in the softphone's settings. Valid only for realtime peers.
nat = yes|no : This variable changes the behaviour of Asterisk for clients behind a firewall. This does not solve the problem if Asterisk is behind the firewall and the client on the outside. Please note that as of Asterisk 1.0.x nat can now have the values: yes|no|never|route. Default no which really means to use rfc3581 techniques.
outboundproxy = IP_address or DNS SRV name (excluding the _sip._udp prefix) : SRV name, hostname, or IP address of the outbound SIP Proxy. Valid only in [general] section and type=peer. (New in v1.2.x).
permit, deny,mask : IP address and network restriction
Asterisk sip pickupgroup : Group that can pickup fellow workers' calls using *8 and the Pickup() application on the *8 extension
Asterisk sip port : SIP port of the client
progressinband = never|no|yes : If we should generate in-band ringing always. Default never.
promiscredir = yes|no : Allows support for 302 Redirects; (Note: will redirect them all to the local extension returned in Contact rather than to that extension at the destination). Default no.
qualify = yes|no|milliseconds : Check if client is reachable. If yes, the checks occur every 60 seconds. Valid only in [general] section and type=peer.
regexten =
Asterisk sip regseconds = seconds : Number of seconds between SIP REGISTER. Valid only for realtime peer entries.
Asterisk sip restrictcid : (yes/no) To have the callerid restricted -> sent as ANI; use this to hide the caller ID. This does not seem to work. This variable has been deprecated as of v1.2.x.
Asterisk sip rtpkeepalive = seconds : Number of seconds, when a RTP Keepalive packet will be sent if no other RTP traffic on that connection. Default 0 (no RTP Keepalive). Valid only in [general] section and type=peer.
rtptimeout = seconds : Terminate call if x seconds of no RTP activity when we're not on hold. Valid only in [general] section and type=peer.
rtpholdtimeout = seconds : Terminate call if x seconds of no RTP activity when we're on hold (must be larger than rtptimeout). Valid only in [general] section and type=peer.
Asterisk sip secret : If Asterisk is acting as a SIP Server, then this SIP client must login with this Password (A shared secret). If Asterisk is acting as a SIP client to a remote SIP server that requires SIP INVITE authentication, then this field is used to authenticate SIP INVITEs that Asterisk sends to the remote SIP server.
sendrpid = yes|no : If a Remote-Party-ID SIP header should be sent. Default no.
Asterisk sip setvar = variable=value : Channel variable to be set for all calls from this peer/user.
subscribecontext = <context_name> : Set a specific context for SIP SUBSCRIBE requests
trustrpid = yes|no : If Remote-Party-ID SIP header should be trusted. Default no.
type = user|peer|friend : Relationship to client - outbound provider or full client?
Asterisk sip useclientcode = yes|no : If yes, then the Call Originator as stated in the CDR will be changed to whatever is specified in a X-ClientCode SIP Header. Default no. (New in v1.2.x)
Asterisk sip usereqphone = yes|no : Indicates whether to add a ";user=phone" to the URI. Defaultno. Valid only in [general] and type=peer.
username = <username[@realm]> : If Asterisk is accepting SIP INVITE requests from a remote SIP client, this field specifies the user name for authentication. (Contrast with fromuser.) Also, for peers that register with Asterisk, this username is used in INVITEs until we have a registration.
Asterisk sip vmexten = <string> : Dialplan extension to reach mailbox. Default asterisk. Valid only in [general] or type=peer.

Notes

Asterisk does not yet support SIP over TCP. It only supports SIP over UDP.
For Grandstream phones: set dtmfmode=info
Asterisk uses the incoming RTP Stream as a timing source for sending its outgoing Stream. If the incoming stream is interrupted due to silence suppression then musiconhold will be choppy. So in conclusion, you cannot use silence suppression. Make sure ALL SIP phones have disabled silence suppression. There is a solution for the silence suppression problem, see bug 5374 for details.

Examples

Peer/User Sections

Each SIP client that connects to Asterisk needs a definition in SIP.CONF. Here is a few samples:

[grandstream1]

type=friend                   ; either "friend" (peer+user), "peer" or "user"
context=from-sip
username=grandstream1         ; usually matches the section title
fromuser=grandstream1         ; overrides the callerid, e.g. required by FWD
callerid=John Doe <1234>
host=192.168.0.23             ; we have a static but private IP address
nat=no                        ; there is not NAT between phone and Asterisk
canreinvite=yes               ; allow RTP voice traffic to bypass Asterisk
dtmfmode=info                 ; either RFC2833 or INFO for the BudgeTone
mailbox=1234@default  ; mailbox 1234 in voicemail context "default"
disallow=all                  ; need to disallow=all before we can use allow=
allow=ulaw                    ; Note: In user sections the order of codecs
                              ; listed with allow= does NOT matter!
;allow=alaw
;allow=g723.1 ; Asterisk only supports g723.1 pass-thru!
;allow=g729 ; Pass-thru only unless g729 license obtained
astdb=chan2ext/SIP/grandstream1=1234 ; ensures an astDB entry exists

[xlite1]
;Turn off silence suppression in X-Lite ("Transmit Silence"=YES)!
;Note that Xlite sends NAT keep-alive packets, so qualify=yes is not needed
type=friend
username=xlite1
callerid="Jane Smith" <5678>
host=dynamic
nat=yes                       ; X-Lite is behind a NAT router
canreinvite=no                ; Typically set to NO if behind NAT
disallow=all
allow=gsm                     ; GSM consumes far less bandwidth than G711-u (ulaw)
allow=ulaw
allow=alaw

[user1_snomsip]
type=friend
secret=blah
host=dynamic
dtmfmode=inband                ; Choices are inband, rfc2833, or info
defaultip=192.168.0.59
mailbox=1234,2345              ; Mailbox for message waiting indicator
disallow=all
allow=ulaw                     ; since we chose 'inband' for dtmf we must use g.711

allow=alaw

[user2_pingtel]
type=friend
username=user2_pingtel
secret=blah
host=dynamic
qualify=1000                  ; Consider it down if it's 1 second to reply
callgroup=1,3-4               ; we are member of the call groups 1, 3 and 4
pickupgroup=1,3-4             ; we can do call pick-up with *8 for the callgroups 1, 3 and 4
defaultip=192.168.0.60
disallow=all
allow=ulaw
allow=alaw
allow=g729

[user3_cisco]

type=friend
username=user3_cisco
secret=blah
nat=yes                        ; This phone may be natted
host=dynamic
canreinvite=no                 ; Cisco poops on reinvite sometimes
qualify=200                    ; Qualify peer is no more than 200ms away
defaultip=192.168.0.4
disallow=all
allow=ulaw
allow=alaw
allow=g729

[user4_cisco1]
type=friend

username=user4_cisco
fromuser=markster              ; Specify user to put in "from" instead of callerid
secret=blah
defaultip=192.168.0.4          ; use either host=dynamic or defaultip=...
amaflags=default               ; Choices are default, omit, billing, documentation
accountcode=markster           ; Users may be associated with an accountcode to ease billing
disallow=all
allow=ulaw
allow=alaw
allow=g729
allow=g723.1

These definitions are documented in the Digium Asterisk handbook.

After you defined these SIP client accounts in SIP.conf you are able to login to the asterisk server from clients and place calls. To receive calls, you need to configure extensions in extensions.conf. Example:

exten => 1010,1, Dial(SIP/user3_cisco,10,t)

If someone calls extension 1010, the sip client logged in as user3_cisco is dialled in order to receive the call.

Notes

the variable ${VXML_URL} can be used to add additional items to the To: header. The value is appended, after a semicolon, to the SIP To: header. Note that previous documentation on this site was incorrect; this variable has nothing to do with pushing pages to a Cisco 7960 phone (something that is currently impossible in the Cisco SIP firmware). The purpose is described in the author's e-mail
the variable ${ALERT_INFO} can be used to create a new header called Alert-Info: which can be used to create distinctive ringing on the Cisco SIP-enabled phone devices with firmware version 6.0 onward. For Cisco 7940/60, ALERT_INFO can have the value of any of the following built-in ringtones:

  - Bellcore-BusyVerify
  - Bellcore-Stutter
  - Bellcore-MsgWaiting
  - Bellcore-dr1
  - Bellcore-dr2
  - Bellcore-dr3
  - Bellcore-dr4
  - Bellcore-dr5

It is not currently possible to specify a custom ring tone, only a cadence on the default ringtone. You will have to listen quite carefully to tell that the ringing is different. Cisco bug ID CSCec42938 tracks the request for it to work on custom ring tones.

Connect to Free World Dialup (no NAT)

John Todd, loligo.com: http://www.loligo.com/asterisk/current/sip.conf

[general]
disallow=all
allow=gsm
allow=ulaw
allow=alaw
context=from-sip
maxexpirey=180
defaultexpirey=160
tos=reliability
register => <FWD#>:<FWD_PASSWORD>@fwd.pulver.com/CONTACT

[fwd.pulver.com]
type=friend
secret=<FWD_PASSWORD>
username=<FWD#>
host=fwd.pulver.com
insecure=very ; required for incoming FWD calls

Now go to Asterisk config extensions.conf to view how to setup [from-sip] and [fwd-out] contexts in extensions.conf

Using Asterisk together with SER

[general]
context=OUTGOING
autocreatepeer=yes

[Provider]
type=friend
username=XXXXX
secret=XXXXX
host=xxxxx.FakeProvider.com

So when Asterisk receives a call from SER it will "autocreatepeer" and give access to the OUTGOING context.

Using Asterisk together with OpenSER

[general]
context=OUTGOING
autocreatepeer=yes

[Provider]
type=friend
username=what_so_ever
secret=what_so_ever
host=xyz.FakeProvider.com

Asterisk will create peer when receives a call from OpenSER and gives access to the OUTGOING context.
To use Asterisk and OpenSER together in realtime, see Realtime Integration Of Asterisk With OpenSER.

Controlling sip.conf from outside

Asterisk sip conf from mysql: As with all .conf files the #include statement can be applied to insert another file into sip.conf

Version notes

This section will document things that may break as you upgrade a version. New features generally don't break old configuration files.

1.2: Channel configuration keyword Asterisk sip restrictcid has been deprecated.
1.2.10: The general keyword "port" has changed to "bindport". "port" in channel configurations remains as a reference to the remote server.
1.4.x: Realtime cached friends are buggy up to 1.4.19: bug 12707