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关键字解释
fallback:若本接口出现未知异常,则调用fallback指定的接口。
blockHandler:若本次访问被限流或服务降级,则调用blockHandler指定的接口。
一、案例
1.1、服务提供者
说明:一共两个服务提供者,这里只写出一个另一个除了端口不一样其它的都一样,不再一一赘述
1.1.1、目录结构
1.1.2、pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>com.zzuli.springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloudalibaba-provider-payment9003</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--日常通用jar包配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
1.1.3、yml文件
server:
port: 9003
spring:
application:
name: nacos-payment-provider
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
1.1.4、Controller类
这里简单的模拟一下服务类
package com.zzuli.springcloud.alibaba.controller;
import com.zzuli.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.zzuli.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.HashMap;
@RestController
public class PaymentController
{
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
public static HashMap<Long, Payment> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
static
{
hashMap.put(1L,new Payment(1L,"28a8c1e3bc2742d8848569891fb42181"));
hashMap.put(2L,new Payment(2L,"bba8c1e3bc2742d8848569891ac32182"));
hashMap.put(3L,new Payment(3L,"6ua8c1e3bc2742d8848569891xt92183"));
}
@GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
Payment payment = hashMap.get(id);
CommonResult<Payment> result = new CommonResult(200,"from mysql,serverPort: "+serverPort,payment);
return result;
}
}
1.1.5、主启动类
package com.zzuli.springcloud.alibaba;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class PaymentMain9003
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain9003.class, args);
}
}
1.2、服务消费者
1.2.1、目录结构
1.2.2、pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>com.zzuli.springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order84</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud openfeign -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--日常通用jar包配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
1.2.3、yml文件
server:
port: 84
spring:
application:
name: nacos-order-consumer
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
sentinel:
transport:
#配置Sentinel dashboard地址
dashboard: localhost:8080
#默认8719端口,假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
port: 8719
#消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)
service-url:
nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider
# 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
feign:
sentinel:
enabled: true
1.2.4、配置类
用于负载均衡以及Ribbon+RestTemplate的RPC服务的调用
package com.zzuli.springcloud.alibaba.config;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig
{
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
{
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
1.2.5、Srevice类
这里的Service类只是用于OpenFeign类型的接口调用
如果不考虑OpenFeign可以不写这个Service类
package com.zzuli.springcloud.alibaba.service;
import com.zzuli.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.zzuli.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
@FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentService
{
@GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}
package com.zzuli.springcloud.alibaba.service;
import com.zzuli.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.zzuli.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentService
{
@Override
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id)
{
return new CommonResult<>(44444,"服务降级返回,---PaymentFallbackService",new Payment(id,"errorSerial"));
}
}
1.2.6、Controller类
里面包含多种不同的情况对于服务熔断降级
package com.zzuli.springcloud.alibaba.controller;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.zzuli.springcloud.alibaba.service.PaymentService;
import com.zzuli.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.zzuli.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
//@SentinelResource(value = "fallback") //没有配置
// @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback只负责业务异常
// @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler",
exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class}
)
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
{
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if (id == 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
}else if (result.getData() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
//本例是fallback
public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容 "+e.getMessage(),payment);
}
//本例是blockHandler
public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable Long id,BlockException blockException) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
}
//
// //==================OpenFeign
// @Resource
// private PaymentService paymentService;
//
// @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/paymentSQL/{id}")
// public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
// {
// return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
// }
}
1.2.7、主启动类
package com.zzuli.springcloud.alibaba;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients //使用OpenFeign
public class OrderNacosMain84
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
}
}
二、效果展示
说明
参数小于4是正常
等于4是非法参数
大于4报空指针
2.1、当只有fallback时
正常情况下
填入参数4时
参数大于4时
2.2、当只有blockHandler时
添加流控
正常参数条件下
当在正常条件下不符合限流规则时
参数为4
参数大于4
原因 blockHandler只管限流规则进行降级,对Java程序内部报错不进行降级处理
2.3、当fallback与blockHandler同时存在
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",
blockHandler = "blockHandler",
exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
下述代码表示fallback忽略该类型的异常
exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class}
创建熔断规则
其实就是什么时候进行服务降级
正常条件下
参数为4
原因时忽略了改类型的异常,就直接报错
参数大于4
不符合熔断规则
符合熔断规则时
2.4、使用OpenFeign方式对服务进行调用,发生异常时进行fallback
正常条件下
将服务提供者关闭时
服务降级