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前言
Fragment是一种可以嵌入在活动中的UI片段,能够让程序更加合理和充分地利用大屏幕的空间,出现的初衷是为了适应大屏幕的平板电脑,可以将其看成一个小型Activity,又称作Activity片段。
使用Fragment可以把屏幕划分成几块,然后进行分组,进行一个模块化管理。Fragment不能够单独使用,需要嵌套在Activity中使用,其生命周期也受到宿主Activity的生命周期的影响
参考文章https://www.jianshu.com/p/a4c51309bc19
1、Fragment生命周期
Fragment的一般生命周期如上图所示:
onAttach()
:Fragment和Activity相关联时调用。可以通过该方法获取Activity引用,还可以通过getArguments()获取参数。onCreate()
:Fragment被创建时调用onActivityCreated()
:当Activity完成onCreate()时调用onStart()
:当Fragment可见时调用。onResume()
:当Fragment可见且可交互时调用onPause()
:当Fragment不可交互但可见时调用。onStop()
:当Fragment不可见时调用。onDestroyView()
:当Fragment的UI从视图结构中移除时调用。onDestroy()
:销毁Fragment时调用。onDetach()
:当Fragment和Activity解除关联时调用。
一、示例
1.1、activity_main.xml
在主布局中嵌入两个Fragment
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<fragment android:name="com.example.fragmentbase.BlankFragment1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:id="@+id/fragment1"/>
<fragment android:name="com.example.fragmentbase.BlankFragment2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:id="@+id/fragment2"/>
</LinearLayout>
1.2、fragment_blank1.xml
Fragment的布局
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".BlankFragment1">
<!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:id="@+id/textview"
android:text="@string/hello_blank_fragment" />
<Button
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:text="how are you?"
android:id="@+id/btn"/>
</LinearLayout>
1.3、创建两个Fragment
这两个Fragment用的是同一个布局文件,就是名字不相同
1.3.1、BlankFragment1.java
package com.example.fragmentbase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class BlankFragment1 extends Fragment {
private View root;
private TextView textView;
private Button button;
public BlankFragment1(){}
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
//创建视图布局
if (root == null) {
root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_blank1, container, false);
}
textView = root.findViewById(R.id.textview);
button = root.findViewById(R.id.btn);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
textView.setText("Yes,I am,and you?");
}
});
return root;
}
}
1.3.2、BlankFragment2.java
package com.example.fragmentbase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
public class BlankFragment2 extends Fragment {
private View root;
private TextView textView;
private Button button;
public BlankFragment2(){}
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
if (root == null) {
root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_blank1, container, false);
}
textView = root.findViewById(R.id.textview);
button = root.findViewById(R.id.btn);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
textView.setText("Yes,I am,and you?");
}
});
return root;
}
}
1.4、MainActivity.java
package com.example.fragmentbase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import com.google.android.material.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton;
import com.google.android.material.snackbar.Snackbar;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar;
import android.view.View;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
}