Spring事务管理

内容

• spring事务机制：事务抽象、事务传播、事务隔离
• 代码方式和标签方式实现
• JPA和JMS事务实例

Spring事务管理

• 提法统一的API接口支持不同的资源
• 提供声明式事务管理
• 方便的与Spring框架集成
• 多个资源的事务管理、同步

Spring事务抽象

• PlatformTransactionManager

   public interface PlatformTransactionManager {
     TransactionStatus getTransaction(@Nullable TransactionDefinition var1) throws TransactionException;
     void commit(TransactionStatus var1) throws TransactionException;
     void rollback(TransactionStatus var1) throws TransactionException;
   }
  

• TransactionDefinition(事务定义)

  public interface TransactionDefinition {
    //（default）
    int PROPAGATION_REQUIRED = 0;
    int PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS = 1;
    int PROPAGATION_MANDATORY = 2;
    int PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW = 3;
    int PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4;
    int PROPAGATION_NEVER = 5;
    // 嵌套 ，只有JDBC 3.0可以使用
    int PROPAGATION_NESTED = 6;
    
    int ISOLATION_DEFAULT = -1;
    int ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED = 1;
    int ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED = 2;
    int ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ = 4;
    int ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE = 8;
    int TIMEOUT_DEFAULT = -1;
    
    int getPropagationBehavior();  //事务传播机制
    int getIsolationLevel();  //隔离级别
    int getTimeout();
    boolean isReadOnly();
    @Nullable
    String getName();
  }
  

• TransactionStatus(事务的运行状态)

  public interface TransactionStatus extends SavepointManager, Flushable {
    boolean isNewTransaction();
    boolean hasSavepoint();
    void setRollbackOnly();
    boolean isRollbackOnly();
    void flush();
  }
  

Spring事务机制

PlatformTransactionManager的常见实现

• DataSourceTransactionManager
• JpaTransactionManager
• JmsTransactionManager(消息中间件使用)
• JtaTransactionManager

Spring事务实例

实例一（JPA）

内容：

1. List item

方式一：代码实现

@Autowired
private PlatformTTransactionManager transactionManager;

public User create(User user){
	DefaultTransactionDefinition def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
	def.setIsolationLevel(ransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT);
	def.setPropagationBehavior(ransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED );
	TransactionStatus ts = 	transactionManager.getTransaction(def);
	try{
		//TODO 
		transactionManager.commit(ts);
	}catch(Exception e){
		transactionManager.rollback(ts)；
		throw e;
	}
}

方式二：标签实现

@Transactional
public User create(User user){
    //TODO
}

实例二（JMS）

内容：

1. Spring boot中使用JMS
2. Spring Boot ActiveMQ starter
3. 内置可运行的ActiveMQ服务器
4. 实现读写ActiveMQ的事务

JMS基础

Spring JMS Session

• 通过Session进行事务管理
• Session是thread-bound
• 事务上下文：在一个线程中的一个Session

Spring JMS事务类型

• Session管理的事务-原生事务
  
• 外部的事务管理：JmsTransactionManager、JTA

方式一：JMS实现

Controller

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private JmsTemplate jmsTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @PostMapping("/message/listen")
    public void create(@RequestParam String msg){
        jmsTemplate.convertAndSend("user:sql:new",msg);
    }

    @PostMapping("/message/direct")
    public void handler(@RequestParam String msg){
        userService.handler(msg);
    }

    @GetMapping("/message")
    public String read(){
        jmsTemplate.setReceiveTimeout(2000);
        Object obj = jmsTemplate.receiveAndConvert("user:msg:reply");
        return String.valueOf(obj);
    }
}

Service

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private JmsTemplate jmsTemplate;

    @JmsListener(destination = "user:sql:new")
    public void handler(String msg){
        String reply = "Reply-" + msg;
        jmsTemplate.convertAndSend("user:msg:reply",reply);
        if (msg.contains("error")){
            throw new RuntimeException("Data error");
        }
    }
}

说明:

• 请求一：api/message/listen是可以进行事务回滚，但失败会重试多次
• 请求二：api/message/redirt是不可以进行事务回滚
• 原因：JMS是通过session进行事务管理的

方式二：JmsTransactionManager实现

Config

@EnableJms
@Configuration
public class JmsConfig {

    @Bean
    PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory){
        return  new JmsTransactionManager(connectionFactory);
    }

    @Bean
    JmsTemplate jmsTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory){
        JmsTemplate jmsTemplate = new JmsTemplate();
        jmsTemplate.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        return jmsTemplate;

    }

    @Bean
    JmsListenerContainerFactory<?> jmsListenerContainerFactory(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
                                                               PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager,
                                                               DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer configurer){
        DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory factory = new DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory();
        configurer.configure(factory,connectionFactory);
        factory.setTransactionManager(transactionManager);
        return factory;
    }
}

Controller

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private JmsTemplate jmsTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @PostMapping("/message/listen")
    public void create(@RequestParam String msg){
        jmsTemplate.convertAndSend("user:sql:new",msg);
    }

    @PostMapping("/message/direct")
    public void handler(@RequestParam String msg){
        userService.handler(msg);
    }

    @GetMapping("/message")
    public String read(){
        jmsTemplate.setReceiveTimeout(2000);
        Object obj = jmsTemplate.receiveAndConvert("user:msg:reply");
        return String.valueOf(obj);
    }
}

Service

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private JmsTemplate jmsTemplate;

	@Transactional
    @JmsListener(destination = "user:sql:new")
    public void handler(String msg){
        String reply = "Reply-" + msg;
        jmsTemplate.convertAndSend("user:msg:reply",reply);
        if (msg.contains("error")){
            throw new RuntimeException("Data error");
        }
    }
}

说明:

• 请求一：api/message/listen是可以进行事务回滚，失败不会重试
• 请求二：api/message/redirt是可以进行事务回滚