BlueTooth-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/niuyongzhi/article/details/133773269

本文主要介绍，蓝牙开启、蓝牙扫描、配对，建立链接，进行通信。

1.声明权限：

  <!--开启蓝牙需要的配置-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <!-- 蓝牙权限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <!-- google在android6.0之后，为了更好的保护用户的数据安全，所有需要访问硬件唯一标识符的地方都需要申请位置权限 -->
    <!--    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" />
    <!--  需要能够连接到配对的蓝牙设备  -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT"/>
    <!--    10以后必须申请精确位置才可以搜索蓝牙-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

2.获取蓝牙适配器：

 // 获取蓝牙配置器 BluetoothAdapter 方式1.
        BluetoothManager bluetoothManger =
                (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
        bluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManger.getAdapter();
         //方式2
//        bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();

3.开启蓝牙：

if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
            // 没有开启蓝牙 开启蓝牙
            Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
        }

4.动态申请权限：

  //判断是否有访问位置的权限，没有权限，直接申请位置权限
        if ((checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
                || (checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {
            requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, 200);
        }

5.创建蓝牙结果列表，并添加点击事件。

 // 创建设备列表适配器
        deviceListAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1);
        deviceListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.device_list);
        deviceListView.setAdapter(deviceListAdapter);
        deviceListView.setOnItemClickListener((adapterView, view, i, l) -> {
            if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
                bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            }
            String deviceName = deviceListAdapter.getItem(i);
            Log.e("nyz", "deviceName " + deviceName);
            selectedDevice = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(deviceName.split("\\n")[1]);
            Log.e("nyz", "name " + selectedDevice.getName());
            Log.e("nyz", "address " + selectedDevice.getAddress());
            ParcelUuid[] uuids = selectedDevice.getUuids();
            for (int index = 0; index < uuids.length; index++) {
                Log.e("nyz", "uuids " + uuids[index]);
            }
            connectToDevice(selectedDevice);
        });

6.创建广播接受者，用于接收扫描到蓝牙后的结果。


    @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
    private final BroadcastReceiver deviceReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            Log.e("nyz", "action " + action);
            // 当有新设备被发现时
            if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                deviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(device.getName())) {
                    deviceListAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
                }
            }
            // 做配对使用
            else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST.equals(action)) {
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                int pairingVariant = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_PAIRING_VARIANT, BluetoothDevice.ERROR);
                // 如果需要 PIN 码，可以在这里自动输入
                if (pairingVariant == BluetoothDevice.PAIRING_VARIANT_PIN) {
                    device.setPin("1234".getBytes()); // 替换为您的 PIN 码
                }

                // 如果需要用户确认配对请求，可以在这里显示对话框来请求用户确认
            } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                int bondState = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.ERROR);
                int previousBondState = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_PREVIOUS_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.ERROR);
                // 配对状态改变的处理逻辑
                if (bondState == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED && previousBondState == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING) {

                    // 配对成功
                } else if (bondState == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE && previousBondState == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
                    // 配对解除
                }
            } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)) {
                Log.e("nyz", "搜索开始..");
            } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {
                Log.e("nyz", "搜索结束..");
            } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {
                int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_CONNECTION_STATE, BluetoothAdapter.ERROR);

                if (state == BluetoothAdapter.STATE_CONNECTING) {
                    Log.e("nyz", "正在链接...");
                } else if (state == BluetoothAdapter.STATE_CONNECTED) {
//                    Log.e("nyz", "链接成功...");
//                    InputStream inputStream = null;
//                    try {
//                        inputStream = bluetoothSocket.getInputStream();
//                        OutputStream outputStream = bluetoothSocket.getOutputStream();
//                        Log.e("nyz", "inputStream " + (inputStream != null));
//                        Log.e("nyz", "outputStream " + (outputStream != null));
//                        Log.e("nyz", "获取流成功..");
//                    } catch (IOException e) {
//                        e.printStackTrace();
//                    }

                } else if (state == BluetoothAdapter.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                    Log.e("nyz", "断开链接...");
                }
            }
        }
    };

7.注册和反注册：

  // 注册广播
    public void registerBroadcast() {
        // 注册广播接收器
        IntentFilter intent = new IntentFilter();
        intent.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);//搜索发现设备
        intent.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);//状态改变
        intent.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST);//配对请求
        intent.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_SCAN_MODE_CHANGED);//行动扫描模式改变了
        intent.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);//动作状态发生了变化
        intent.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);//搜索结束
        intent.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);//开始搜索
        intent.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED);//链接状态变化
        registerReceiver(deviceReceiver, intent);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        // 取消注册广播接收器
        unregisterReceiver(deviceReceiver);
    }

8.开始搜索附近蓝牙设备：

bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery，搜索结束后，会通过广播的形式来接收。

bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices() 返回的是已经配对过的蓝牙设备列表。

 private void startDeviceDiscovery() {

        deviceListAdapter.clear();
        int state = bluetoothAdapter.getState();
        Log.e("nyz", "state " + state);
        boolean b = bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
        Log.e("nyz", "bluetooth state " + b);
        //获取已经连接过的设备。
        Set<BluetoothDevice> bondedDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
        for (BluetoothDevice device : bondedDevices) {
            Log.e("nyz", "device  " + device.getName());
            deviceListAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
            deviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
        }

    }

9.附近蓝牙设备结果：添加到列表中。

 // 当有新设备被发现时
            if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                deviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(device.getName())) {
                    deviceListAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
                }
            }

10.点击列表中的蓝牙进行配对链接，没有配对过的需要配对，已经配对过的，可以直接链接。

1）点击事件

 deviceListView.setOnItemClickListener((adapterView, view, i, l) -> {
            //当点击某个蓝牙列表时，需要停止扫描，减少性能的消耗
            if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
                bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            }
            String deviceName = deviceListAdapter.getItem(i);
            Log.e("nyz", "deviceName " + deviceName);
            selectedDevice = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(deviceName.split("\\n")[1]);
            Log.e("nyz", "name " + selectedDevice.getName());
            Log.e("nyz", "address " + selectedDevice.getAddress());
            ParcelUuid[] uuids = selectedDevice.getUuids();
            for (int index = 0; index < uuids.length; index++) {
                Log.e("nyz", "uuids " + uuids[index]);
            }
            //开始链接
            connectToDevice(selectedDevice);
        });

2）开始配对链接：

需要放在子线程中执行。

  @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
    private void connectToDevice(BluetoothDevice device) {
        new Thread() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                super.run();
                UUID uuid = UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"); // SPP UUID for serial communication
                try {
                    // 进行配对
                    if (!(device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED)) {
                        Log.e("nyz", "等待配对");
                        boolean success = device.createBond();
                        Log.e("nyz", "配对结果 " + success);
                    } else {
                        Log.e("nyz", "已经配对过");
                    }
                    // 等待配对完成

//            Thread.sleep(500);
                    Log.e("nyz", "创建 socket");
                    bluetoothSocket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);
                    Log.e("nyz", "connect...");
                    if (bluetoothSocket == null) {
                        Log.e("nyz", "connect...failed");
                        return;
                    } else {
                        Log.e("nyz", "socket 创建成功");
                    }
                    new Thread() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            super.run();

                            try {
                                bluetoothSocket.connect();
                                // 成功连接
                                Log.e("nyz", "链接成功...");
                                InputStream inputStream = bluetoothSocket.getInputStream();
                                OutputStream outputStream = bluetoothSocket.getOutputStream();
                                Log.e("nyz", "inputStream " + (inputStream != null));
                                Log.e("nyz", "outputStream " + (outputStream != null));
                            } catch (Exception e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }

                        }
                    }.start();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    Log.e("nyz", "conn failed");
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }.start();
    }

配对成功后， bluetoothSocket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);

拿到一个一个Socket对象。

开始链接：

  bluetoothSocket.connect();
                                // 成功连接
                                Log.e("nyz", "链接成功...");
                                InputStream inputStream = bluetoothSocket.getInputStream();
                                OutputStream outputStream = bluetoothSocket.getOutputStream();
                                Log.e("nyz", "inputStream " + (inputStream != null));
                                Log.e("nyz", "outputStream " + (outputStream != null));

链接成功后，可以从socket中拿到输入输出流，这样就可以和另外一台设计进行通信了。

和串口类似，串口通信，也是拿到一个输入输出流。

蓝牙通信官方文档：

蓝牙概览 | Connectivity | Android Developers