lua实现的A星（a star）算法

这个是在网上找的， 用lua实现的A星（a star）算法, 这个算法实现了上下左右行走，不能斜着走。并且地形只有可通过，不可通过两种状态，在这个算法基础上，你可以增加自己需要的功能 。

function CalcMoves(mapmat, px, py, tx, ty)	-- Based on some code of LMelior but made it work and improved way beyond his code, still thx LMelior!
--[[ PRE:
mapmat is a 2d array
px is the player's current x
py is the player's current y
tx is the target x
ty is the target y

Note: all the x and y are the x and y to be used in the table.
By this I mean, if the table is 3 by 2, the x can be 1,2,3 and the y can be 1 or 2.
--]]

--[[ POST:
closedlist is a list with the checked nodes.
It will return nil if all the available nodes have been checked but the target hasn't been found.
--]]

	-- variables
	local openlist={}                 				-- Initialize table to store possible moves
	local closedlist={}						-- Initialize table to store checked gridsquares
	local listk=1                   				-- List counter
        local closedk=0                					-- Closedlist counter
	local tempH=math.abs(px-tx)+math.abs(py-ty)
	local tempG=0
	openlist[1]={x=px, y=py, g=0, h=tempH, f=0+tempH ,par=1}   	-- Make starting point in list
	local xsize=table.getn(mapmat[1]) 				-- horizontal map size
	local ysize=table.getn(mapmat)					-- vertical map size
	local curbase={}						-- Current square from which to check possible moves
	local basis=1							-- Index of current base

	-- Growing loop
	while listk>0 do

	    -- Get the lowest f of the openlist
      	local lowestF=openlist[listk].f
      	basis=listk
		for k=listk,1,-1 do
  		    if openlist[k].f<lowestF then
  		       lowestF=openlist[k].f
                       basis=k
	       	    end
		end

		closedk=closedk+1
		table.insert(closedlist,closedk,openlist[basis])

		curbase=closedlist[closedk]				 -- define current base from which to grow list

		local rightOK=true
		local leftOK=true           				 -- Booleans defining if they're OK to add
		local downOK=true             				 -- (must be reset for each while loop)
		local upOK=true

		-- Look through closedlist
		if closedk>0 then
		    for k=1,closedk do
			if closedlist[k].x==curbase.x+1 and closedlist[k].y==curbase.y then
				rightOK=false
			end
			if closedlist[k].x==curbase.x-1 and closedlist[k].y==curbase.y then
				leftOK=false
			end
			if closedlist[k].x==curbase.x and closedlist[k].y==curbase.y+1 then
				downOK=false
			end
			if closedlist[k].x==curbase.x and closedlist[k].y==curbase.y-1 then
				upOK=false
			end
		    end
		end
		
		-- Check if next points are on the map and within moving distance
		if curbase.x+1>xsize then
			rightOK=false
		end
		if curbase.x-1<1 then
			leftOK=false
		end
		if curbase.y+1>ysize then
			downOK=false
		end
		if curbase.y-1<1 then
			upOK=false
		end

		-- If it IS on the map, check map for obstacles
		--(Lua returns an error if you try to access a table position that doesn't exist, so you can't combine it with above)
		if curbase.x+1<=xsize and mapmat[curbase.y][curbase.x+1]~=0 then
			rightOK=false
		end
		if curbase.x-1>=1 and mapmat[curbase.y][curbase.x-1]~=0 then
			leftOK=false
		end
		if curbase.y+1<=ysize and mapmat[curbase.y+1][curbase.x]~=0 then
			downOK=false
		end
		if curbase.y-1>=1 and mapmat[curbase.y-1][curbase.x]~=0 then
			upOK=false
		end
		
		-- check if the move from the current base is shorter then from the former parrent
		tempG=curbase.g+1
		for k=1,listk do
		    if rightOK and openlist[k].x==curbase.x+1 and openlist[k].y==curbase.y and openlist[k].g>tempG then
			tempH=math.abs((curbase.x+1)-tx)+math.abs(curbase.y-ty)
			table.insert(openlist,k,{x=curbase.x+1, y=curbase.y, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
			rightOK=false
		    end
		
		    if leftOK and openlist[k].x==curbase.x-1 and openlist[k].y==curbase.y and openlist[k].g>tempG then
			tempH=math.abs((curbase.x-1)-tx)+math.abs(curbase.y-ty)
			table.insert(openlist,k,{x=curbase.x-1, y=curbase.y, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
			leftOK=false
		    end

		    if downOK and openlist[k].x==curbase.x and openlist[k].y==curbase.y+1 and openlist[k].g>tempG then
			tempH=math.abs((curbase.x)-tx)+math.abs(curbase.y+1-ty)
			table.insert(openlist,k,{x=curbase.x, y=curbase.y+1, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
			downOK=false
		    end

		    if upOK and openlist[k].x==curbase.x and openlist[k].y==curbase.y-1 and openlist[k].g>tempG then
			tempH=math.abs((curbase.x)-tx)+math.abs(curbase.y-1-ty)
			table.insert(openlist,k,{x=curbase.x, y=curbase.y-1, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
			upOK=false
		    end
   		end

		-- Add points to openlist
		-- Add point to the right of current base point
		if rightOK then
			listk=listk+1
			tempH=math.abs((curbase.x+1)-tx)+math.abs(curbase.y-ty)
			table.insert(openlist,listk,{x=curbase.x+1, y=curbase.y, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
		end

		-- Add point to the left of current base point
		if leftOK then
			listk=listk+1
			tempH=math.abs((curbase.x-1)-tx)+math.abs(curbase.y-ty)
			table.insert(openlist,listk,{x=curbase.x-1, y=curbase.y, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
		end

		-- Add point on the top of current base point
		if downOK then
			listk=listk+1
			tempH=math.abs(curbase.x-tx)+math.abs((curbase.y+1)-ty)
			table.insert(openlist,listk,{x=curbase.x, y=curbase.y+1, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
		end

		-- Add point on the bottom of current base point
		if upOK then
			listk=listk+1
			tempH=math.abs(curbase.x-tx)+math.abs((curbase.y-1)-ty)
			table.insert(openlist,listk,{x=curbase.x, y=curbase.y-1, g=tempG, h=tempH, f=tempG+tempH, par=closedk})
		end

		table.remove(openlist,basis)
		listk=listk-1

                if closedlist[closedk].x==tx and closedlist[closedk].y==ty then
                   return closedlist
                end
	end

	return nil
end

function CalcPath(closedlist)
--[[ PRE:
closedlist is a list with the checked nodes.
OR nil if all the available nodes have been checked but the target hasn't been found.
--]]

--[[ POST:
path is a list with all the x and y coords of the nodes of the path to the target.
OR nil if closedlist==nil
--]]

    if closedlist==nil then
       return nil
    end
	 local path={}
	 local pathIndex={}
	 local last=table.getn(closedlist)
	 table.insert(pathIndex,1,last)

	 local i=1
	 while pathIndex[i]>1 do
		i=i+1
	 	table.insert(pathIndex,i,closedlist[pathIndex[i-1]].par)
	 end

	 for n=table.getn(pathIndex),1,-1 do
	     table.insert(path,{x=closedlist[pathIndex[n]].x, y=closedlist[pathIndex[n]].y})
  	 end

	 closedlist=nil
	 return path
end