android蓝牙4.0(BLE)开发之ibeacon初步

此文使用的ibeacon模块是april beacon，至于什么是ibeacon。本文不做解释，具体请自查。

一个april beacon里携带的信息如下

?

1	<code class = " hljs " >0201061AFF4C0002159069BDB88C11416BAC3F33468C2788A3044B0378C60C09417072696C426561636F6E051250002003020A0000000000000000000000</code>

具体是什么意思呢

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

<code class = " hljs vhdl" > 02  Number of bytes that follow in first AD structure 01  Flags AD type 06      Flags value 0x1A = 000011010         bit 0 (OFF) LE Limited Discoverable Mode         bit 1 (ON) LE General Discoverable Mode         bit 2 (OFF) BR/EDR Not Supported         bit 3 (ON) Simultaneous LE and BR/EDR to Same Device Capable (controller)         bit 4 (ON) Simultaneous LE and BR/EDR to Same Device Capable (Host) 1a Number of bytes that follow in second (and last) AD structure 前面是常规智能硬件广播包部分   ff （FF代表后面是Manufacture Data）     4c 00   (组织标识， 0x4c00 苹果公司标识,https: //www.bluetooth.org/en-us/specification/assigned-numbers/company-identifiers) 02 （ 0x02 ibeacon标识位） 15 （ 0x15 , 22 个字节标识长度，uuid，major，minor总和的长度） 90 69 bd b8-8c 11 - 41 6b-ac 3f- 33 46 8c 27 88 a3 (Proximity UUID) 04 4b( 1099 ，major) 03 78 ( 888 ，minor) c6  （切记这里是补码，转化为原码就是- 58 ，iBeacon的信号发出强度值，用来作为和RSSI一起测距的基准 ，txPower）          计算              C6              1100 0110 补码              1100 0101 反码              1011 1010 原码              -（ 32 + 16 + 8 + 2 ）              - 58 0c09    （未知） 417072696c426561636f6e（AprilBeacon字符串对应的十六进制） 051250002003020a0000000000000000000000（未知） </code>

Proximity UUID ：这是将你所有的beacon与其他人的beacon设备区别开的id！例如，目前在商店里某个区域分布着多个beacon形成一条“链带”，用于为顾客提供特定的服务，那么归属于同一条“链带”的beacon将分配到相同的proximity UUID。为这条“链带”设计的专用应用程序将会在后台使用这个UUID扫描到这条“链带”中的beacon设备。

major 编号：用于将相关的beacon标识为一组。例如，一个商店中的所有beacon将会分配到相同的major编号。通过这种方式，应用程序就能够知道顾客位于哪一家商店。

minor 标号：用于标识特定的beacon设备。例如一个商店中的每一个beacon设备都拥有唯一的minor编号，这样你才能够知道顾客位于商店中的哪个位置。

Measuring distance（测量距离） 
最后一个值， TX power ，用于确定你和beacon之间距离有多近。根据这个值不但可以获得粗略的信息（比如靠近/远离/不在范围内等），也可以获取精确到米的距离（当然你也可以转换为以步为单位的距离）。那么如何实现？

TX power （上面例子中为0xC6=198，根据2的补码测得256-198=-58dBm）是距离设备1米测得的信号强度值（RSSI- Received Signal Strength Indication，接收到的信号强弱指标）。假如接收到的信号强度减弱了，那么我们可能在远离。只要知道1米距离的RSSI，以及当前的RSSI（我们可以从接收到的信号中一块获取到这些信息），那么计算出当前的距离是可能的。IOS已经实现了个这个功能，对于其它平台需要自己手动编码计算 。

一个简单的测距函数

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

<code class = "language-java hljs " > protected static double calculateAccuracy( int txPower, double rssi) {          if (rssi == 0 ) {              return - 1.0 ; // if we cannot determine accuracy, return -1.          }            double ratio = rssi * 1.0 / txPower;          if (ratio < 1.0 ) {              return Math.pow(ratio, 10 );          } else {              double accuracy = ( 0.89976 ) * Math.pow(ratio, 7.7095 ) + 0.111 ;              return accuracy;          }      }</code>

在使用蓝牙时需要加权限

?

1 2 3 4

<code class = "language-xml hljs " > <uses-permission android:name= "android.permission.BLUETOOTH" >      <uses-permission android:name= "android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" >      <uses-permission android:name= "android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" > </uses-permission></uses-permission></uses-permission></code>

关键代码如下

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111

<code class = "language-java hljs " > package cn.edu.zafu.ble;   import android.app.Activity; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log;   public class MainActivity extends Activity {      private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;        @Override      protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);            BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);          mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();          if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {              Intent enableBluetooth = new Intent(                      BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);              startActivityForResult(enableBluetooth, 1 );          }          mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);        }        private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {          @Override          public void onLeScan( final BluetoothDevice device, final int rssi,                  final byte [] scanRecord) {              int startByte = 2 ;              boolean patternFound = false ;              // 寻找ibeacon              while (startByte <= 5 ) {                  if ((( int ) scanRecord[startByte + 2 ] & 0xff ) == 0x02 && // Identifies                                                                          // an                                                                          // iBeacon                          (( int ) scanRecord[startByte + 3 ] & 0xff ) == 0x15 ) { // Identifies                                                                              // correct                                                                              // data                                                                              // length                      patternFound = true ;                      break ;                  }                  startByte++;              }              // 如果找到了的话              if (patternFound) {                  // 转换为16进制                  byte [] uuidBytes = new byte [ 16 ];                  System.arraycopy(scanRecord, startByte + 4 , uuidBytes, 0 , 16 );                  String hexString = bytesToHex(uuidBytes);                    // ibeacon的UUID值                  String uuid = hexString.substring( 0 , 8 ) + "-"                          + hexString.substring( 8 , 12 ) + "-"                          + hexString.substring( 12 , 16 ) + "-"                          + hexString.substring( 16 , 20 ) + "-"                          + hexString.substring( 20 , 32 );                    // ibeacon的Major值                  int major = (scanRecord[startByte + 20 ] & 0xff ) * 0x100                          + (scanRecord[startByte + 21 ] & 0xff );                    // ibeacon的Minor值                  int minor = (scanRecord[startByte + 22 ] & 0xff ) * 0x100                          + (scanRecord[startByte + 23 ] & 0xff );                    String ibeaconName = device.getName();                  String mac = device.getAddress();                  int txPower = (scanRecord[startByte + 24 ]);                  Log.d( "BLE" ,bytesToHex(scanRecord));                  Log.d( "BLE" , "Name：" + ibeaconName + "\nMac：" + mac                          + " \nUUID：" + uuid + "\nMajor：" + major + "\nMinor："                          + minor + "\nTxPower：" + txPower + "\nrssi：" + rssi);                    Log.d( "BLE" , "distance：" +calculateAccuracy(txPower,rssi));              }          }      };      static final char [] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF" .toCharArray();        private static String bytesToHex( byte [] bytes) {          char [] hexChars = new char [bytes.length * 2 ];          for ( int j = 0 ; j < bytes.length; j++) {              int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF ;              hexChars[j * 2 ] = hexArray[v >>> 4 ];              hexChars[j * 2 + 1 ] = hexArray[v & 0x0F ];          }          return new String(hexChars);      }        protected static double calculateAccuracy( int txPower, double rssi) {          if (rssi == 0 ) {              return - 1.0 ; // if we cannot determine accuracy, return -1.          }            double ratio = rssi * 1.0 / txPower;          if (ratio < 1.0 ) {              return Math.pow(ratio, 10 );          } else {              double accuracy = ( 0.89976 ) * Math.pow(ratio, 7.7095 ) + 0.111 ;              return accuracy;          }      } } </code>

至此，本文也就结束，所谓初步，就是获取ibeacon模块的基本信息。

源码下载 
http://download.csdn.net/detail/sbsujjbcy/8503507