Shell，我的简易实现！

 

基础知识:

Shell 是一种基本的用户操作接口,通过对用户输入命令的解析完成相应的功能。

Shell  

        程序的执行包括:

 

         打印提示符

         获取命令行

         解析命令

         搜索相应命令文件

         准备参数

         执行命令

后台运行的进程:

         一般执行命令的时候,fork 一个子进程去执行命令,父进程等待子进程完成任务。但是后台进程执行

         时,父进程不等待子进程完成任务。

 

I/O 重定向:    

         用户可以重定义标准输入(stdin),标准输出(stdout),标准错误(stderr)。用户通过'<','>'等进行输入,输

         出重定向。

管道:

         一种进程间的通信机制,一般采用异步发送、阻塞式接收操作。在 Shell 中‘|’可以将一个命令的输

出重定向到另一个命令的输入。

shell.cpp（主文件）

#include <iostream> #include <algorithm> #include <limits.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <time.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include "command.h" #include "stringutil.h" void prompt() { static char buf[_POSIX_PATH_MAX]; getcwd(buf,_POSIX_PATH_MAX); cout<<'['<<buf<<"]$ "; } void set_bg(bool& bg,string& line) { if(*(line.end()-1)=='&') { bg=true; line.erase(line.end()-1); if(*(line.end()-1)==' ') { line.erase(line.end()-1); } } else { bg=false; } } void execute(string& line,bool& bg) { static string fifo=Command::FIFO; static char suffix; static pid_t pid; suffix='0'; if((pid=fork())==0) { int len; string *strs=split(line,len); pid_t child; for(int i=0;i<len;i++) { Command *cmd=create(strs[i]); if(cmd==0) { cout<<"No such file."<<endl; continue; } if(i!=0) { char *from=new char[512]; fifo.copy(from,fifo.size()); from[fifo.size()]=0; cmd->set_from(from); } if(i!=len-1) { fifo.replace(fifo.size()-1,1,&++suffix); mkfifo(fifo.c_str(),0666); char *to=new char[512]; fifo.copy(to,fifo.size()); to[fifo.size()]=0; cmd->set_to(to); } if((child=fork())==0) { cmd->execute(); exit(-127); } } waitpid(child,NULL,0); delete [] strs; exit(0); } else if(pid>0) { if(!bg) { waitpid(pid,NULL,0); } } else { cerr<<"Fork error."<<endl; exit(-127); } } int main(int argc,char **argv) { string line; bool bg=false; while(true) { prompt(); getline(cin,line,'/n'); trim(line); set_bg(bg,line); if(line.size()==0) { continue; } execute(line,bg); } } 

command.cpp

#include "command.h" #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> const char* Command::FIFO="/tmp/my_shell_fifo0"; Command::Command(const char *cmd,char * const *arg, const char *from,const char *to) { this->cmd=cmd; this->arg=arg; this->from=from; this->to=to; } Command::~Command() { delete[] arg; } void Command::execute() { int from_fd,to_fd; if(from != 0) { from_fd = open(from,O_RDONLY); dup2(from_fd,STDIN_FILENO); close(from_fd); } if(to != 0) { to_fd = open(to,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT,0666); dup2(to_fd,STDOUT_FILENO); close(to_fd); } execv(cmd,arg); } 

command.h

#ifndef COMMOND_H #define COMMOND_H class Command { private: const char *cmd; char * const *arg; const char *from; const char *to; public: static const char *FIFO; Command(const char *cmd=0,char * const *arg=0, const char *from=0,const char *to=0); ~Command(); void set_from(const char *from) { this->from=from; } void set_to(const char *to) { this->to=to; } void execute(); }; #endif 

stringutil.cpp

#include <vector> #include <stdlib.h> #include "stringutil.h" void replace(char& ch) { if(ch == '/t'||ch == '/r'||ch == '/n') { ch=' '; } } void trim(string& str) { string::iterator iter; for(iter=str.begin();iter!=str.end();iter++) { replace(*iter); } while(*(str.end()-1)==' ') { str.erase(str.end()-1); } while(*str.begin()==' ') { str.erase(str.begin()); } size_t pos; while((pos=str.rfind(" "))!=string::npos) { str.erase(pos,1); } } string* split(string& line,int &count) { count=1; string::iterator iter; for(iter=line.begin();iter!=line.end();iter++) { if(*iter == '|') { count++; } } string *strs=new string[count]; size_t pos; int i=0; while((pos=line.find('|'))!=string::npos) { strs[i++]=line.substr(0,pos); trim(strs[i-1]); line.erase(0,pos+1); } trim(line); strs[i]=line; return strs; } char* const * get_arg(string& line) { trim(line); int count=1; vector<int> blanks; blanks.push_back(-1); for(int i=0;i<line.size();i++) { if(line[i]==' ') { blanks.push_back(i); count++; } } blanks.push_back(line.size()); char **arg=new char*[count+1]; for(int i=0;i<blanks.size()-1;i++) { int len=blanks[i+1]-blanks[i]-1; string tmp=line.substr(blanks[i]+1,len); arg[i]=new char[tmp.size()+1]; tmp.copy(arg[i],tmp.size()); arg[i][tmp.size()]='/0'; } arg[count]=0; return arg; } const char* get_abs_path(const char *name) { if(access(name,F_OK)==0) { return name; } char *p=getenv("PATH"); string file; while(*p!='/0') { if(*p!=':') { file.push_back(*p); } else { file.push_back('/'); file.append(name); if(access(file.c_str(),F_OK)==0) { return file.c_str(); } else { file.clear(); } } p++; } return 0; } Command* create(string& line) { size_t pos; int count; string *from=0,*to=0; if((pos=line.find('<'))!=string::npos) { count=0; for(size_t i=pos;i<line.size();i++) { if(line[i]==' '&&line[i-1]!='<') { break; } else { count++; } } from=new string(line.substr(pos+1,count-1)); trim(*from); line.erase(pos,count); } if((pos=line.find('>'))!=string::npos) { count=0; for(size_t i=pos;i<line.size();i++) { if(line[i]==' ' && line[i-1]!='>') { break; } else { count++; } } to=new string(line.substr(pos+1,count-1)); trim(*to); line.erase(pos,count); } char * const *arg=get_arg(line); const char *path=get_abs_path(arg[0]); if(path==0) { return 0; } const char *from_c_str=0; const char *to_c_str=0; if(from!=0) { from_c_str=from->c_str(); } if(to!=0) { to_c_str=to->c_str(); } Command *cmd=new Command(path,arg,from_c_str,to_c_str); return cmd; } 

stringutil.h

#include <string> #include "command.h" using namespace std; /** *replace the /t,/r,/n with blank */ void replace(char&); /** *cut the blanks of two endians *replace the blank sequence with a blank */ void trim(string&); /** *split the string by '|'. *params: * the string to be splited. * an integer that will store the number of strings *return: * the splited array of strings; */ string* split(string&,int&); /** *Create a command by a string. */ Command* create(string&); 

nohup.cpp

#include <signal.h> #include <iostream> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <cstdlib> #include <string.h> using namespace std; static const char *LOCAL = "./nohup.out"; static const char *HOME_PART = "/nohup.out"; int main(int argc,char **argv) { signal(SIGHUP,SIG_IGN); const char *path=0; if(access(LOCAL,F_OK)!=0 || access(LOCAL,W_OK)==0) { path=LOCAL; } else { char *home_p=getenv("HOME"); char *home=strcat(home_p,HOME_PART); if(access(home,F_OK)!=0 || access(home,W_OK)==0) { path=home; } } if(path==0) { return 126; } int fd=open(path,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT,0666); dup2(fd,STDOUT_FILENO); dup2(fd,STDERR_FILENO); close(fd); execvp(argv[1],argv+1); }