1 简单介绍:
Android 四大组件之一,本质是一个全局监听器,用来监听全局的广播信息,可以方便的实现系统的不同组件的通信。
2:流程分析
首先要明确发送的信息,然后明确发送广播的地方,把过滤的信息和发送的信息都放到intent对象中,然后 sendBroadcast的 方法,发送广播。
当把广播信息发送出去之后,已经注册的广播接受者都会检测自己的过滤信息,看看是否符合条件,如果符合条件就接受广播,如果不符合条件,就不接受。
3 定义:
广播接受者可以接受某个频道(action)发来的广播,发送者可能是activity也可能是service
4 作用:
<1> 监听系统的广播,并且做出相应的处理,比如电量过低可以保存应用中的重要的数据,向用户发出警告,
系统常用的广播:
1.电池电量:电量过低可以保存应用中重要的数据
2.可以通过广播获得用户拨打的电话号码。
3.检测联网情况
4.检测收到的短信
5.耳机的插入和拨出
6.开机收到启动广播(6.0失效了)
(2).后台运行的服务在完成耗时操作后,比如网络下载文件,获取数据成功后,会通知activity进行更新。
5:用法
1 创建一个类,让这个类继承于BroadcastReceiver
2 必须要重写onReceive(Context context,Intent intent)方法。
3 注册广播
静态注册:在清单文件中注册(全局的)
<receive android:name=“全类名”>
意图过滤器标签
<intent-fileter>
过滤器,name对应过滤的内容
<action android:name = ""/>
</intent-fileter>
</receiver>
动态注册:(局部的)
IntentFileter filter = new IntentFileter();
filter.setAction("");
context.registerReceiver(receiver,filter)
静态注册和动态注册的区别:
动态注册会比静态注册使用更加灵活。
当使用静态方法注册广播时,不管程序是否开启,都能够接受到发送来的广播,
静态注册每次有消息都会由系统new一个处理器,进行处理,然后销毁。
动态注册的广播,程序执行后能收到对应的广播,如果没有执行unregisterReceiver方法
去取消注册,和静态注册就差不多了,动态生成的广播接受者必须用代码去销毁,
每次处理消息也会生成新的处理器
广播的发送:
广播的分类:
1. 普通广播,依次传递给各个接受者去处理:
发送广播的步骤:
Intent intent = new Intent()
intent.setAction("消息的描述");
context.sendBroadcast(intent);
2.有序广播:这种广播的处理顺序是按照广播接受者的优先级进行排序的,高优先级就会优先接受到这条广播。
一般发送这种广播,高优先级的接受器会先接收到并且拦截广播,那么低优先级的接收者就接受不到了。
3.粘性广播:发送之后会一致存在于系统的消息容器当中,直到处理他的接受这出现为止。(api21过时)
发送粘性广播需要权限: BROADCAST_STICKY
发送粘性广播的方法: sendStickyBroadcast (Intent intent)
关于广播的注意事项
1.广播接受者的生命周期是非常短暂的,在接收到广播时被创建,在onReceive方法结束之后被销毁。
2.广播接收者中不要做耗时操作,等待时间超过10秒就会弹出Application Not Responding的错误对话框。
3.最好也不要在广播接收者中创建子线程,然后在子线程中做耗时操作,因为在广播接收者被销毁之后,
就拿不到这个线程的引用了,那么子线程就会编程空线程,很容易会被系统杀死。
4.耗时操作在服务当中完成。
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//动态注册设置优先级的方法
FirstReceiver receiver = new FirstReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction("com.qf.data");
filter.setPriority(1000);
registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
}
public void send(View view) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.qf.data");
intent.putExtra("data", "今天的天气好晴朗~~~");
//发送普通广播
// sendBroadcast(intent);
//发送有序广播
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
}
}
杨智 20:04:43
package com.qf.sendbroad_demo01;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
public class FirstReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals("com.qf.data")) {
String data = intent.getStringExtra("data");
Log.i("tag", "FirstReceiver=========="+data);
}
}
}
系统广播集合:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//动态注册设置优先级的方法
FirstReceiver receiver = new FirstReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction("com.qf.data");
filter.setPriority(1000);
registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
}
public void send(View view) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.qf.data");
intent.putExtra("data", "今天的天气好晴朗~~~");
//发送普通广播
// sendBroadcast(intent);
//发送有序广播
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
}
}
杨智 20:04:43
package com.qf.sendbroad_demo01;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
public class FirstReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals("com.qf.data")) {
String data = intent.getStringExtra("data");
Log.i("tag", "FirstReceiver=========="+data);
}
}
}
杨智 20:05:40
package com.qf.broadcastreceiver_system;
import com.qf.broadcastreceiver_system.receiver.BatteryReceiver;
import com.qf.broadcastreceiver_system.receiver.HeadSetPlugReceiver;
import com.qf.broadcastreceiver_system.receiver.NetStateChangeReceiver;
import com.qf.broadcastreceiver_system.receiver.SMSReceiver;
import com.qf.broadcastreceiver_system.receiver.SMSReceiver.MessageListener;
import com.qf.broadcastreceiver_system.receiver.ScreenOnOffReceiver;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private BatteryReceiver batteryReceiver;
private HeadSetPlugReceiver headSetPlugReceiver;
private NetStateChangeReceiver netStateChangeReceiver;
private ScreenOnOffReceiver screenOnOffReceiver;
private SMSReceiver smsReceiver;
private TextView tv;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
tv =(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv);
// registerBatteryChangedReceiver();
// registerHeadSetPlugReceiver();
// registerNetStateReceiver();
// registerScreenStateReceiver();
registerSmsReceiver();
}
// 注册电池电量变化
private void registerBatteryChangedReceiver() {
batteryReceiver = new BatteryReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);
registerReceiver(batteryReceiver, filter);
}
// 注册耳机状态的变化
private void registerHeadSetPlugReceiver(){
headSetPlugReceiver = new HeadSetPlugReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_HEADSET_PLUG);
registerReceiver(headSetPlugReceiver, filter);
}
//注册网络状态的变化
private void registerNetStateReceiver(){
netStateChangeReceiver = new NetStateChangeReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
registerReceiver(netStateChangeReceiver, filter);
}
//注册屏幕的切换状态
private void registerScreenStateReceiver(){
screenOnOffReceiver = new ScreenOnOffReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF);
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON);
registerReceiver(screenOnOffReceiver, filter);
}
//注册接受短信的广播
private void registerSmsReceiver(){
smsReceiver = new SMSReceiver(new MessageListener() {
@Override
public void sendMessage(String msg) {
tv.setText(msg);
}
});
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED");
registerReceiver(smsReceiver, filter);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if (batteryReceiver != null) {
unregisterReceiver(batteryReceiver);
}
if (headSetPlugReceiver!=null) {
unregisterReceiver(headSetPlugReceiver);
}
if (netStateChangeReceiver!=null) {
unregisterReceiver(netStateChangeReceiver);
}
if (screenOnOffReceiver!=null) {
unregisterReceiver(screenOnOffReceiver);
}
if (smsReceiver!=null) {
unregisterReceiver(smsReceiver);
}
}
}
杨智 20:06:03
public class BatteryReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED)) {
//获得电池电量的等级
int level = intent.getIntExtra("level", 0);
//获取总电量信息
int total = intent.getIntExtra("scale", 100);
//计算当前电量
int current = (level*100)/total;
Log.i("tag", "当前电量为:"+current+"%");
}
}
}
杨智 20:06:08
public class BootReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED)) {
Log.i("tag", "收到了开机广播");
}
}
}
杨智 20:06:14
public class HeadSetPlugReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_HEADSET_PLUG)) {
int state = intent.getIntExtra("state", -1);
switch (state) {
case 1:
Log.i("tag", "耳机已经插入");
Toast.makeText(context, "耳机已经插入", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
break;
case 0:
Log.i("tag", "耳机已经拔出");
Toast.makeText(context, "耳机已经拔出", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
杨智 20:06:21
public class NetStateChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
//判断网络连接状态的广播过滤
if (intent.getAction().equals(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION)) {
//得到网络连接管理器的实例
ConnectivityManager manager = (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
//通过manager来获取当前的网络信息
NetworkInfo info = manager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
//判断当前网络信息不为null而且是可用的
if (info!=null&&info.isAvailable()) {
if (info.getType()==ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE) {
Log.i("tag", "当前使用的网络是移动网络");
}else if (info.getType()==ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI) {
Log.i("tag", "当前使用的网络是wifi提供的");
}
}
}
}
}
杨智 20:06:26
public class OutCallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_NEW_OUTGOING_CALL)) {
String phoneNum = intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_PHONE_NUMBER);
Log.i("tag", "拨出的电话号码:"+phoneNum);
}
}
}
杨智 20:06:34
public class PhoneStateReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// String action1 = TelephonyManager.ACTION_PHONE_STATE_CHANGED;
//获取电话管理器对象
TelephonyManager manager = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
int state = manager.getCallState();
switch (state) {
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE:
Log.i("tag", "电话处于闲置状态");
break;
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING:
Log.i("tag", "电话处于响铃状态");
break;
case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK:
Log.i("tag", "电话处于接听状态");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
杨智 20:06:38
public class ScreenOnOffReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
//屏幕打开和屏幕关闭发送的广播,其实是不相同的,主要体现在过滤信息上
String action = intent.getAction();
if (action.equals(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF)) {
Log.i("tag","屏幕关闭了");
}else if (action.equals(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON)) {
Log.i("tag","屏幕打开了");
}
}
}
杨智 20:06:49
public class SMSReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
private MessageListener listener;
public SMSReceiver(MessageListener listener) {
super();
this.listener = listener;
}
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction()
.equals("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED")) {
Object[] pdus = (Object[]) intent.getExtras().get("pdus");
for (Object pdu : pdus) {
SmsMessage message = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])pdu);
//获取发送者信息
String sender = message.getDisplayOriginatingAddress();
//获取收到的信息的内容
String body = message.getMessageBody();
//获取接受到的时间
long time = message.getTimestampMillis();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
String date = sdf.format(new Date(time));
Log.i("tag", "发送者为:"+sender);
Log.i("tag", "发送的信息为:"+body);
Log.i("tag", "接收到的时间为:"+date);
this.listener.sendMessage(sender+":"+body+":"+date);
if (sender.equals("15555215556")) {
abortBroadcast(); //拦截广播
}
}
}
}
public interface MessageListener{
public void sendMessage(String msg);
}
}
<!-- 访问电池电量的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BATTERY_STATS"/>
<!-- 网络判断权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
<!-- 接受拨出电话的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS"/>
<!-- 接收开机广播的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
<!-- 电话状态判断权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>
<!-- 接受短信的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS"/>