最长不重复子串

1.利用滑动窗口（Set)

2.直接计算两重复元素间的间隔

Java (Assuming ASCII 128)

The previous implements all have no assumption on the charset of the string s.

If we know that the charset is rather small, we can replace the Map with an integer array as direct access table.

Commonly used tables are:

• int[26] for Letters 'a' - 'z' or 'A' - 'Z'
• int[128] for ASCII
• int[256] for Extended ASCII

public class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        int n = s.length(), ans = 0;
        int[] index = new int[128]; // current index of character
        // try to extend the range [i, j]
        for (int j = 0, i = 0; j < n; j++) {
            i = Math.max(index[s.charAt(j)], i);
            ans = Math.max(ans, j - i + 1);
            index[s.charAt(j)] = j + 1;
        }
        return ans;
    }
}