概念
将对象组合成树形结构以表示‘部分-整体’的层次结构。组合模式使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。
角色
Component:组合中对象接口
Leaf:叶子,继承自Component
Composite:分支,继承自Component
注意:这里分为透明模式和安全模式,透明模式指,叶子和分支完全继承自Component,即使没用的方法也继承下来。安全模式指,叶子和分支不是都用到的方法,在Component中不声明,至于叶子和分支谁有特殊的方法,谁自己再声明。
代码模型:
这里用的是透明方式。
Component抽象类:
- public abstract class Component
- {
- protected string name;
- public Component(string currentName)
- {
- this.name = currentName;
- }
- public abstract void Add(Component component);
- public abstract void Remove(Component component);
- public abstract void Operation(int inde);
- }
叶子Leaf类:
- public class Leaf : Component
- {
- public Leaf(string name)
- : base(name)
- {
- }
- public override void Add(Component component)
- {
- throw new NotImplementedException();
- }
- public override void Remove(Component component)
- {
- throw new NotImplementedException();
- }
- public override void Operation(int index)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(new string('-', index) + name);
- }
- }
分支Composite类:
- public class Composite : Component
- {
- private List<Component> children = new List<Component>();
- public Composite(string name)
- : base(name)
- {
- }
- public override void Add(Component component)
- {
- children.Add(component);
- }
- public override void Remove(Component component)
- {
- children.Remove(component);
- }
- public override void Operation(int index)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(new string('-',index)+name);
- foreach (Component component in children)
- {
- component.Operation(index+2);
- }
- }
客户端使用:
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- Composite root = new Composite("root");
- root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf A"));
- root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf B"));
- Composite compositeX = new Composite("CompositeX");
- compositeX.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XA"));
- compositeX.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XB"));
- root.Add(compositeX);
- Composite compositeXY = new Composite("CompositeXY");
- compositeXY.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XYA"));
- compositeXY.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XYB"));
- compositeX.Add(compositeXY);
- root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf C"));
- root.Operation(1);
- Console.ReadLine();
- }
结果显示:
组合模式的目的是程序在访问对象时,有统一的访问方式。从而可以像处理简单元素一样来处理复杂元素。