numpy.linspace 等差数列

linspace的功能最初是从MATLAB中学来的，用来创建等差数列。

 

numpy.linspace

numpy.linspace(start, stop, num=50, endpoint=True, retstep=False, dtype=None)[source]

Return evenly spaced numbers over a specified interval.

Returns num evenly spaced samples, calculated over the interval [start, stop].

The endpoint of the interval can optionally be excluded.

Parameters:

start : scalar The starting value of the sequence. stop : scalar The end value of the sequence, unless endpoint is set to False. In that case, the sequence consists of all but the last of num + 1 evenly spaced samples, so that stopis excluded. Note that the step size changes when endpoint is False. num : int, optional Number of samples to generate. Default is 50. Must be non-negative. endpoint : bool, optional If True, stop is the last sample. Otherwise, it is not included. Default is True. retstep : bool, optional If True, return (samples, step), where step is the spacing between samples. dtype : dtype, optional The type of the output array. If dtype is not given, infer the data type from the other input arguments. New in version 1.9.0.

Returns:

samples : ndarray There are num equally spaced samples in the closed interval [start, stop] or the half-open interval [start, stop) (depending on whether endpoint is True or False). step : float, optional Only returned if retstep is True Size of spacing between samples.

例：
1,print(np.linspace(1,100,20, dtype=int))

 

输出：

[  1   6  11  16  21  27  32  37  42  47  53  58  63  68  73  79  84  89
  94 100]

可以发现，上面的差有的是5，有的是6，和别的不一样

原因在于1-100分成20个的话，无法等分。 

要想正好等分的话， 应该满足这样：

stop-start/num -1 为整数

上面的例子如果这样改，print(np.linspace(0,100,21, dtype=int, endpoint=True))

输出变成

[ 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100]

或者print(np.linspace(1,101,21, dtype=int, endpoint=True))

输出变成

[ 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101]

2,print(np.linspace(1,100,20, dtype=int, endpoint=False))

[ 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95]

endpoint=False,表示不包括stop的100，就是1-100之间的数，成分20份，但是最后一个数又要小于100