Mac/iOS下开发程序常见问题

一. UIView子类中动态创建UISegmentedControl按钮

//TestView.h

@interface TestView :UIView

{

   UISegmentedControl *_btnZoomBig;

   UISegmentedControl *_btnZoomSmall;

}

@property(nonatomic,retain)UISegmentedControl *btnZoomBig;

@property(nonatomic,retain)UISegmentedControl *btnZoomSmall;

- (IBAction)OnZoomBig:(id)sender;

- (IBAction)OnZoomSmall:(id)sender;

@end

//TestView.m

@implementation TestView

@synthesize btnZoomBig =_btnZoomBig;

@synthesize btnZoomSmall =_btnZoomSmall;

- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame

{

   self = [superinitWithFrame:frame];

   if (self) {

       // Initialization code

        [selfinitViews:frame];

    }

   returnself;

}

- (void)dealloc

{

    [_btnZoomBigrelease];

    [_btnZoomSmallrelease];

    [superdealloc];

}

- (void)initViews:(CGRect)frame

{

   @autoreleasepool {

       NSDictionary *dictionnary =  [NSDictionarydictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:

        [UIColorcolorWithRed:220.0/255.0green:104.0/255.0blue:1.0/255.0alpha:1.0],UITextAttributeTextColor, 

        [UIColorcolorWithRed:1.0green:1.0blue:1.0alpha:1.0],UITextAttributeTextShadowColor, 

        [NSValuevalueWithUIOffset:UIOffsetMake(0,1)],UITextAttributeTextShadowOffset, 

        [UIFontboldSystemFontOfSize:40],UITextAttributeFont, 

       nil];//按钮属性（字体颜色、阴影、字体大小）

       NSArray *array = [NSArrayarrayWithObject:@"+"];

       self.btnZoomBig = [[[UISegmentedControlalloc]initWithItems:array]autorelease];

       NSArray *array1 = [NSArrayarrayWithObject:@"-"];

       self.btnZoomSmall = [[[UISegmentedControlalloc]initWithItems:array1]autorelease];

       self.btnZoomBig.tintColor = [UIColorgrayColor];

       self.btnZoomBig.segmentedControlStyle =UISegmentedControlStyleBar;

       self.btnZoomBig.momentary =YES;

       self.btnZoomBig.alpha =0.6;

        [self.btnZoomBigsetTitleTextAttributes:dictionnaryforState:UIControlStateNormal];

        [self.btnZoomBigaddTarget:selfaction:@selector(OnZoomBig:)forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];

        

       self.btnZoomSmall.tintColor = [UIColorgrayColor];

       self.btnZoomSmall.segmentedControlStyle =UISegmentedControlStyleBar;

       self.btnZoomSmall.momentary =YES;

       self.btnZoomSmall.alpha =0.6;        

        [self.btnZoomSmallsetTitleTextAttributes:dictionnaryforState:UIControlStateNormal];//设置按钮标题属性

        [self.btnZoomSmalladdTarget:selfaction:@selector(OnZoomSmall:)forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];//触发事件

        [selfaddSubview:self.btnZoomBig];

        [selfaddSubview:self.btnZoomSmall];

    }

}

- (void)layoutSubviews

{

   CGRect frame = [selfbounds];

   CGFloat width = frame.size.width;

   CGFloat height = frame.size.height;

   if (width>height) {

       CGFloat dx = width/6;

       self.btnZoomBig.frame =CGRectMake(0,0, dx, height);

       self.btnZoomSmall.frame =CGRectMake(dx,0, dx, height);

    }

   else {

       CGFloat dy = height/6;

       self.btnZoomBig.frame =CGRectMake(0,0, width, dy);

       self.btnZoomSmall.frame =CGRectMake(0, dy, width, dy);      

    }

}

- (IBAction)OnZoomBig:(id)sender

{

    

}

- (IBAction)OnZoomSmall:(id)sender

{

    

}

@end

二. 创建模态对话框窗口

   NSRect rect = NSMakeRect(20, 20, 200, 200);

   NSUInteger windowStyle = NSTitledWindowMask|NSClosableWindowMask|NSMiniaturizableWindowMask|NSResizableWindowMask;

   NSWindow *window = [[NSWindow alloc] initWithContentRect:rect styleMask:windowStyle backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered defer:NO];

   [NSApp runModalForWindow: window];

三. Wifi支持

使用Wi-Fi

       如果您的应用程序通过Wi-Fi无线信号访问网络，则必须将这个事实通知系统，即在应用程序的Info.plist文件中包含UIRequiresPersistentWiFi键。包含这个键使系统知道在检测到活动的Wi-Fi 热区时应该弹出网络选择框，同时还使系统知道在您的应用程序运行时不应试图关闭Wi-Fi硬件。

为了防止Wi-Fi硬件消耗太多的电能，iPhone OS内置一个定时器，如果在30分钟内没有应用程序通过UIRequiresPersistentWiFi键请求使用Wi-Fi，就会完全关闭该硬件。如果用户启动某个包含该键的应用程序，则在该程序的生命周期中，iPhone OS会有效地禁用该定时器。但是一旦该程序退出，系统就会重新启用该定时器。

请注意：即使UIRequiresPersistentWiFi键的值为true，在设备空闲（也就是处于屏幕锁定状态）时也是没有效果的。在那种情况下，应用程序被认为是不活动的，虽然它可能在某些级别上还在工作，但没有Wi-Fi连接。

四. socket广播

//enableBroadcast 内部代码是：
int value =1;//0 close
int error = setsockopt(socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, (const void *)&value, sizeof(value));

五. 收到的UDP包怎么知道发送人的IP地址

int   recvfrom( 
    SOCKET   s, 
    char*   buf， 
    int   len, 
    int   flags, 
    struct   sockaddr*   from,                 //这个参数里就是发送人的地址结构 
    int*   fromlen                             //sizeof(*from)
); 
如果想得到发送方的ip: "192.168.0.100 "可用char   *inet_ntoa   (struct   in_addr   in); 

如：   

    int                     err;

   int                     sock;

   uint8_t                 buffer[1024];

   ssize_t                 bytesRead;

   struct  sockaddr_in   from;

   int   fromlen=sizeof(from);

   if (self->_cfInSocket==NULL) {

       return;

    }

    sock =CFSocketGetNative(self->_cfInSocket);

   assert(sock >=0);

    

    bytesRead =recvfrom(sock, buffer,sizeof(buffer),0, &from, &fromlen);

   if (bytesRead <0)

    {

        err =errno;

    }

   elseif (bytesRead ==0)

    {

        err =EPIPE;

    }

   else

    {

        char   ip[16];

       NSUInteger   port;

       strcpy(ip,inet_ntoa(from.sin_addr));    //from即为上面recvfrom里的参数

        port=ntohs(from.sin_port);

    }

 六.UDP收和发socket绑定同一个固定端口

      int opt = 1;

         setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));

七. 在Mac 32-bit编译环境下，变量-属性的声明和定义

@interface AppDelegate :NSObject <NSApplicationDelegate>

{

    NSWindow *_window; //必须声明_window变量

}

@property (assign)IBOutlet NSWindow *window;

@end

@implementation AppDelegate

@synthesize window=_window; //window 属性为 _window 实例变量合成访问器方法

-(void)dealloc

{

    [_windowrelease];

    [superdealloc];

}

@end

如果没有声明_window实例变量,在Mac 32-bit编译环境下会出现以下编译错误

Synthesized property 'window' must either be named the same as a compatible ivar or must explicitly name an ivar

在 Mac 64-bit编译环境下，编译器会自动给属性window添加一个下划线"_"做前缀的实例变量(ivar) _window。

八.CFDataRef to NSData

NSData *my_nsdata = (__bridge_transfer NSData*)my_cfdata; // -1 on the my_cfdata

or

NSData *my_nsdata = (__bridge NSData*)my_cfdata; // no adjustment of retain counts




九.UIScrollView无法响应touch事件

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;

用过UIScrollView的都会发现UIScrollView不会响应touch事件，这样就无法在touchesEnd方法中做一些事情了，比如关闭键盘等等。其实写个category就可以解决这个问题了

@implementation UIScrollView (UITouchEvent)

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
    [[self nextResponder] touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event];
    [super touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event];
}
-(void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
    [[self nextResponder] touchesMoved:touches withEvent:event];
    [super touchesMoved:touches withEvent:event];
}

- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
    [[self nextResponder] touchesEnded:touches withEvent:event];
    [super touchesEnded:touches withEvent:event];
}

@end

                        

十.单击UIView的非UIEditField区域，隐藏模拟键盘

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

{

    [self.hostAddr  resignFirstResponder];//hostAddr是UITextField的属性实例变量。

}

十一.iOS获得本机IP地址

//获得本机名称

- (NSString *) hostname

{

   char baseHostName[256];// Thanks, Gunnar Larisch

   int success =gethostname(baseHostName, 255); 

   if (success != 0)returnnil;

    baseHostName[255] = '\0';

    

#if TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR

   return [NSStringstringWithFormat:@"%s", baseHostName];

#else

   return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%s.local", baseHostName];

#endif

}

//通过hostname获得本地的IP地址

- (NSString *) localIPAddress

{

   //将本机名字转化成主机网络结构体struct hostent

   structhostent *host = gethostbyname([[selfhostname]UTF8String]);

   if (!host) {herror("resolv");returnnil;}

   structin_addr **list = (structin_addr **)(host->h_addr_list);

   return [NSStringstringWithCString:(constchar*)inet_ntoa(*list[0])encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

}

十二.Implicit declaration of function 'inet_aton' is invalid in C99

            解决办法:-std=gnu99的编译选项,#import <arpa/inet.h>。

十三.获得本机的IP地址

#import <ifaddrs.h>

#import <arpa/inet.h>

- (NSString *)getIPAddress

{

   NSString *address =@"error";

   structifaddrs *interfaces =NULL;

   structifaddrs *temp_addr =NULL;

   int success =0;

    

    // retrieve the current interfaces - returns 0 on success

    success =getifaddrs(&interfaces);

   if (success ==0) {

        // Loop through linked list of interfaces

        temp_addr = interfaces;

       while (temp_addr !=NULL) {

           if( temp_addr->ifa_addr->sa_family ==AF_INET) {

                // Check if interface is en0 which is the wifi connection on the iPhone

               if ([[NSStringstringWithUTF8String:temp_addr->ifa_name]isEqualToString:@"en0"]) {

                    // Get NSString from C String

                    address = [NSStringstringWithUTF8String:inet_ntoa(((structsockaddr_in *)temp_addr->ifa_addr)->sin_addr)];

                }

            }

            

            temp_addr = temp_addr->ifa_next;

        }

    }

    

    // Free memory

   freeifaddrs(interfaces);

    

   return address;

}

十四.修改UITextField的高度

修改NIB资源文件*.xib的文件属性, Show the File inspector->Use Autolayout。

选择UITextField->Editor->Pin->Height

十五.获得UIView对象的所有者UIViewController

    id object = [selfnextResponder];

    if ([objectisKindOfClass:[UIViewControllerclass]]) {

       UIViewController *viewController = (UIViewController*)object;

    }

   elseif (object isKindOfClass:[UIView class]) {

        UIView *view = (UIView*)object;

    }

十六.iPhone模拟器在MAC系统中的文件路径

先在Finder中显示隐藏文件夹/文件，

其中#username#表示当前用户名:
/Users/#username#/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/User/Applications/

十七、XCode 5 deployment target limited only to iOS 7

        project -> Build Settings->Deployment-> iOS Deployment Target

十八、Xcode5.1 移植老的iOS5.1SDK 包

       拷贝老版本的SDK      /Applications/Xcode4.2.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS6.0.sdk

                                          /Applications/Xcode4.2.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator5.1.sdk

                                         /Applications/Xcode4.2.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator6.0.sdk

       

       到新版本的目录下面  /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/

                                          /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/

十九、修改iOS应用App名称

Build Settings->Packaging->Product Name  修改Product Name