flask显式调用sqlalchemy

database.py

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session, sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

engine = create_engine('sqlite:tmp/test.db', convert_unicode=True)
db_session = scoped_session(sessionmaker(autocommit=False,
                                         autoflush=False,
                                         bind=engine))
Base = declarative_base()
Base.query = db_session.query_property()

def init_db():
    # 在这里导入所有的可能与定义模型有关的模块，这样他们才会合适地
    # 在 metadata 中注册。否则，您将不得不在第一次执行 init_db() 时
    # 先导入他们。
    import yourapplication.models
    Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)

每次请求后自动移除数据库会话

from yourapplication.database import db_session

@app.teardown_request
def shutdown_session(exception=None):
    db_session.remove()

模型models

from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String
from yourapplication.database import Base

class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String(50), unique=True)
    email = Column(String(120), unique=True)

    def __init__(self, name=None, email=None):
        self.name = name
        self.email = email

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User %r>' % (self.name)

参考
http://docs.jinkan.org/docs/flask/patterns/sqlalchemy.html