linux 安装 mysql 数据库

说明

系统版本: Ubuntu 20.04.3

• 直接执行命令回车 , 然后输入y确认

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

• 如果报错 Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? 的话需要先执行这个命令

sudo apt-get update

• 然后再重新执行上面第一个命令 , 静静等待 。 装好之后使用mysql -uroot -p 命令连接数据库(没有密码)

root@xueqin:/db# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.27-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

• 使用 exit 退出

mysql> exit
Bye
root@xueqin:/db#

设置允许远程连接

修改配置文件: vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
进入后按 i 进入编辑, 按Esc退出编辑 , 输入 :wq 保存退出
注释掉
bind-address = 127.0.0.1
mysqlx-bind-address = 127.0.0.1

#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user            = mysql
# pid-file      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
# socket        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
# port          = 3306
# datadir       = /var/lib/mysql


# If MySQL is running as a replication slave, this should be
# changed. Ref https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_tmpdir
# tmpdir                = /tmp
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address            = 127.0.0.1
mysqlx-bind-address     = 127.0.0.1
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer_size         = 16M
# max_allowed_packet    = 64M
# thread_stack          = 256K

# thread_cache_size       = -1

# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched
myisam-recover-options  = BACKUP

# max_connections        = 151

# table_open_cache       = 4000

#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
#
# Log all queries
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# general_log_file        = /var/log/mysql/query.log
# general_log             = 1
#
# Error log - should be very few entries.
#
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
# slow_query_log                = 1
# slow_query_log_file   = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
# long_query_time = 2
# log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
#       other settings you may need to change.
# server-id             = 1
# log_bin                       = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
# binlog_expire_logs_seconds    = 2592000
max_binlog_size   = 100M
# binlog_do_db          = include_database_name
# binlog_ignore_db      = include_database_name
~                                                                                                                                                            ~                                                                                                                                                            ~                                                                                                                                                            ~                                                                                                                                                            ~                                                                                                                                                            ~                                                                                                                                                            "mysqld.cnf" 78L, 2220C

重启服务

sudo service mysql restart

以上是没有账号的 , 下面将创建账号

mysql>use mysql;
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '你的密码';
mysql>flush privileges;

上面创建的是只允许本地连接的账号 , 需要把localhost改为 % , 改完需要执行重新读取权限配置: flush privileges;

mysql> select User,authentication_string,Host from user;
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| User             | authentication_string                                                  | Host      |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
h-bGsFMfVrLfMkhA8YCirBczbP1refnl0nOr57g/tJ40e35 | localhost |
| mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | localhost |
| mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | localhost |
| root             | *C857D746D1E855F76CD401530BEFA395F0895C32                              | localhost |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set Host='%' where User='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select User,authentication_string,Host from user;
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| User             | authentication_string                                                  | Host      |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| root             | *C857D746D1E855F76CD401530BEFA395F0895C32                              | %         |
h-bGsFMfVrLfMkhA8YCirBczbP1refnl0nOr57g/tJ40e35 | localhost |
| mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | localhost |
| mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | localhost |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>