springboot笔记六内容协商

上接springboot笔记五返回值处理，RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor处理返回值，进入writeWithMessageConverters使用消息转换器进行写出。

内容协商

protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(@Nullable T value, MethodParameter returnType,
			ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage)
			throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
		...//省略内容为获取返回值类型
		
		MediaType selectedMediaType = null;
		//判断响应头中是否已有确定的媒体类型
		MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
		boolean isContentTypePreset = contentType != null && contentType.isConcrete();
		if (isContentTypePreset) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Found 'Content-Type:" + contentType + "' in response");
			}
			//如果有就用已有的媒体类型
			selectedMediaType = contentType;
		}
		else {
			HttpServletRequest request = inputMessage.getServletRequest();
			//contentNegotiationManager内容协商管理器，获取客户端支持接收的内容类型(请求头accept字典)
			//默认情况下内容协商管理器中只有基于请求头的策略
			List<MediaType> acceptableTypes = getAcceptableMediaTypes(request);
			//获取服务器能够产出的内容类型集合
			List<MediaType> producibleTypes = getProducibleMediaTypes(request, valueType, targetType);

			if (body != null && producibleTypes.isEmpty()) {
				throw new HttpMessageNotWritableException(
						"No converter found for return value of type: " + valueType);
			}
			//根据客户端接收类型和服务器产出类型进行最佳匹配，匹配一致的放入mediaTypesToUse
			List<MediaType> mediaTypesToUse = new ArrayList<>();
			for (MediaType requestedType : acceptableTypes) {
				for (MediaType producibleType : producibleTypes) {
					if (requestedType.isCompatibleWith(producibleType)) {
						mediaTypesToUse.add(getMostSpecificMediaType(requestedType, producibleType));
					}
				}
			}
			if (mediaTypesToUse.isEmpty()) {
				if (body != null) {
					throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(producibleTypes);
				}
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("No match for " + acceptableTypes + ", supported: " + producibleTypes);
				}
				return;
			}

			MediaType.sortBySpecificityAndQuality(mediaTypesToUse);

			for (MediaType mediaType : mediaTypesToUse) {
				if (mediaType.isConcrete()) {
					selectedMediaType = mediaType;
					break;
				}
				else if (mediaType.isPresentIn(ALL_APPLICATION_MEDIA_TYPES)) {
					selectedMediaType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM;
					break;
				}
			}

			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Using '" + selectedMediaType + "', given " +
						acceptableTypes + " and supported " + producibleTypes);
			}
		}

		if (selectedMediaType != null) {
			selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue();
			//遍历messageConverters找到能把返回值类型处理成mediaTypesToUse的消息转换器
			for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
				GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter = (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ?
						(GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null);
				if (genericConverter != null ?
						((GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter).canWrite(targetType, valueType, selectedMediaType) :
						converter.canWrite(valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
					//body即springmvc方法的返回值
					body = getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(body, returnType, selectedMediaType,
							(Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass(),
							inputMessage, outputMessage);
					if (body != null) {
						Object theBody = body;
						LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn ->
								"Writing [" + LogFormatUtils.formatValue(theBody, !traceOn) + "]");
						addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage);
						//使用messageConverter写出返回值
						if (genericConverter != null) {
							genericConverter.write(body, targetType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
						}
						else {
							((HttpMessageConverter) converter).write(body, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
						}
					}
					else {
						if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
							logger.debug("Nothing to write: null body");
						}
					}
					return;
				}
			}
		}

		if (body != null) {
			Set<MediaType> producibleMediaTypes =
					(Set<MediaType>) inputMessage.getServletRequest()
							.getAttribute(HandlerMapping.PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE);

			if (isContentTypePreset || !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(producibleMediaTypes)) {
				throw new HttpMessageNotWritableException(
						"No converter for [" + valueType + "] with preset Content-Type '" + contentType + "'");
			}
			throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(this.allSupportedMediaTypes);
		}
	}

获取服务器能够产出的内容类型集合

进入getProducibleMediaTypes方法

protected List<MediaType> getProducibleMediaTypes(
			HttpServletRequest request, Class<?> valueClass, @Nullable Type targetType) {

		Set<MediaType> mediaTypes =
				(Set<MediaType>) request.getAttribute(HandlerMapping.PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE);
		if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mediaTypes)) {
			return new ArrayList<>(mediaTypes);
		}
		else if (!this.allSupportedMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
			List<MediaType> result = new ArrayList<>();
			//遍历messageConverters
			for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
				//如果messageConverter支持写出返回值类型，就把messageConverter支持的媒体类型添加到媒体类型集合里
				if (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter && targetType != null) {
					if (((GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter).canWrite(targetType, valueClass, null)) {
						result.addAll(converter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
					}
				}
				else if (converter.canWrite(valueClass, null)) {
					result.addAll(converter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
				}
			}
			return result;
		}
		else {
			return Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);
		}
	}

最终返回的result媒体类型集合为

messageConverter写出返回值

进入write方法

public final void write(final T t, @Nullable final Type type, @Nullable MediaType contentType,
			HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

		final HttpHeaders headers = outputMessage.getHeaders();
		//设置默认响应头(内容类型)
		addDefaultHeaders(headers, t, contentType);

		if (outputMessage instanceof StreamingHttpOutputMessage) {
			StreamingHttpOutputMessage streamingOutputMessage = (StreamingHttpOutputMessage) outputMessage;
			streamingOutputMessage.setBody(outputStream -> writeInternal(t, type, new HttpOutputMessage() {
				@Override
				public OutputStream getBody() {
					return outputStream;
				}
				@Override
				public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
					return headers;
				}
			}));
		}
		else {
			writeInternal(t, type, outputMessage);
			outputMessage.getBody().flush();
		}
	}

进入writeInternal方法

protected void writeInternal(Object object, @Nullable Type type, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
			throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

		MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
		JsonEncoding encoding = getJsonEncoding(contentType);
		JsonGenerator generator = this.objectMapper.getFactory().createGenerator(outputMessage.getBody(), encoding);
		try {
			writePrefix(generator, object);
			...
			objectWriter.writeValue(generator, value);

			writeSuffix(generator, object);
			generator.flush();
		}
		catch ...
	}

开启基于请求参数的内容协商策略

spring.mvc.contentnegotiation.favor-parameter=true