1 Superset入门
1.1 Superset概述
Apache Superset是一个开源的、现代的、轻量级BI分析工具,能够对接多种数据源、拥有丰富的图表展示形式、支持自定义仪表盘,且拥有友好的用户界面,十分易用。
1.2 Superset应用场景
由于Superset能够对接常用的大数据分析工具,如Hive、Kylin、Druid等,且支持自定义仪表盘,故可作为数仓的可视化工具。
2 Superset安装及使用
Superset官网地址:http://superset.apache.org/
2.1 安装Python环境
Superset是由Python语言编写的Web应用,要求Python3.7的环境。
2.1.1 安装Miniconda
conda是一个开源的包、环境管理器,可以用于在同一个机器上安装不同Python版本的软件包及其依赖,并能够在不同的Python环境之间切换,Anaconda包括
Conda、Python以及一大堆安装好的工具包,比如:numpy、pandas等,Miniconda包括Conda、Python。
此处,我们不需要如此多的工具包,故选择MiniConda。
1)下载Miniconda(Python3版本)
下载地址:https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
2)安装Miniconda
(1)执行以下命令进行安装,并按照提示操作,直到安装完成。
bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
(2)在安装过程中,出现以下提示时,可以指定安装路径
(3)出现以下字样,即为安装完成
3)加载环境变量配置文件,使之生效
source ~/.bashrc
4)取消激活base环境
Miniconda安装完成后,每次打开终端都会激活其默认的base环境,我们可通过以下命令,禁止激活默认base环境。
conda config --set auto_activate_base false
2.1.2 创建Python3.7环境
1)配置conda国内镜像
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
2)创建Python3.7环境
conda create --name superset python=3.7(请使用python3.6,使用python3.7和3.8在安装superset环节都遇到了各种问题,换成python3.6解决)
说明:conda环境管理常用命令
创建环境:conda create -n env_name
查看所有环境:conda info --envs
删除一个环境:conda remove -n env_name --all
3)激活superset环境
conda activate superset
激活后效果如下图所示
说明:退出当前环境
conda deactivate
4)执行python命令查看python版本
2.2 Superset部署
2.2.1 安装依赖
安装Superset之前,需安装以下所需依赖
sudo yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ libffi-devel python-devel python-pip python-wheel python-setuptools openssl-devel cyrus-sasl-devel openldap-devel
2.2.2 安装Superset
1)安装(更新)setuptools和pip
pip install --upgrade setuptools pip -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/
说明:pip是python的包管理工具,可以和centos中的yum类比
2)安装Supetset
pip install apache-superset -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/
说明:-i的作用是指定镜像,这里选择国内镜像
注:如果遇到网络错误导致不能下载,可尝试更换镜像
pip install apache-superset --trusted-host https://repo.huaweicloud.com -i https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/simple
3)初始化Supetset数据库
superset db upgrade
初始化数据库报错:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/bin/superset", line 5, in <module>
from superset.cli.main import superset
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.8/site-packages/superset/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
from flask import current_app, Flask
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/__init__.py", line 14, in <module>
from jinja2 import escape
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.8/site-packages/jinja2/__init__.py", line 12, in <module>
from .environment import Environment
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.8/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py", line 25, in <module>
from .defaults import BLOCK_END_STRING
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.8/site-packages/jinja2/defaults.py", line 3, in <module>
from .filters import FILTERS as DEFAULT_FILTERS # noqa: F401
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.8/site-packages/jinja2/filters.py", line 13, in <module>
from markupsafe import soft_unicode
ImportError: cannot import name 'soft_unicode' from 'markupsafe' (/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.8/site-packages/markupsafe/__init__.py)
解决方法:
python -m pip install markupsafe==2.0.1
重新初始化报错:
Usage: superset [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
Error: Could not locate a Flask application. You did not provide the "FLASK_APP" environment variable, and a "wsgi.py" or "app.py" module was not found in the current directory.
使用python3.7和python3.8都试过,遇到各种报错,搞不定了,换成python3.6,报错:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/bin/superset", line 5, in <module>
from superset.cli import superset
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/superset/__init__.py", line 21, in <module>
from superset.app import create_app
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/superset/app.py", line 24, in <module>
from flask_appbuilder import expose, IndexView
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask_appbuilder/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
from .api import ModelRestApi # noqa: F401
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask_appbuilder/api/__init__.py", line 21, in <module>
from .convert import Model2SchemaConverter
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask_appbuilder/api/convert.py", line 4, in <module>
from flask_appbuilder.models.sqla.interface import SQLAInterface
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask_appbuilder/models/sqla/interface.py", line 40, in <module>
from sqlalchemy_utils.types.uuid import UUIDType
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy_utils/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
from .aggregates import aggregated # noqa
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy_utils/aggregates.py", line 372, in <module>
from .functions.orm import get_column_key
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
from .database import ( # noqa
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/database.py", line 11, in <module>
from .orm import quote
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy_utils/functions/orm.py", line 14, in <module>
from sqlalchemy.orm.query import _ColumnEntity
ImportError: cannot import name '_ColumnEntity'
sqlalchemy版本问题,我们执行如下命令:
pip install sqlalchemy==1.3.24
再次初始化,报错:
/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy_utils/types/encrypted/encrypted_type.py:18: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
import cryptography
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/bin/superset", line 5, in <module>
from superset.cli import superset
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/superset/__init__.py", line 21, in <module>
from superset.app import create_app
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/superset/app.py", line 45, in <module>
from superset.security import SupersetSecurityManager
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/superset/security/__init__.py", line 17, in <module>
from superset.security.manager import SupersetSecurityManager # noqa: F401
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/superset/security/manager.py", line 44, in <module>
from superset import sql_parse
File "/opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages/superset/sql_parse.py", line 18, in <module>
from dataclasses import dataclass
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'dataclasses'
安装dataclasses依赖
pip install dataclasses
再次初始化,终于成功了,哭了。
4)创建管理员用户
export FLASK_APP=superset
superset fab create-admin
说明:flask是一个python web框架,Superset使用的就是flask
5)Superset初始化
superset init
2.2.3 启动Supterset
1)安装gunicorn
pip install gunicorn -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/
说明:gunicorn是一个Python Web Server,可以和java中的TomCat类比
2)启动Superset
(1)确保当前conda环境为superset
(2)启动
gunicorn --workers 5 --timeout 120 --bind h102:8787 "superset.app:create_app()" --daemon
说明:
--workers:指定进程个数
--timeout:worker进程超时时间,超时会自动重启
--bind:绑定本机地址,即为Superset访问地址
--daemon:后台运行
(3)登录Superset
访问http://h102:8787,并使用3.2节中第4步创建的管理员账号进行登录。
3)停止superset
停掉gunicorn进程
ps -ef | awk '/superset/ && !/awk/{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
退出superset环境
conda deactivate
3.4 superset启停脚本
1)创建superset.sh文件
vim superset.sh
内容如下
#!/bin/bash
superset_status(){
result=`ps -ef | awk '/gunicorn/ && !/awk/{print $2}' | wc -l`
if [[ $result -eq 0 ]]; then
return 0
else
return 1
fi
}
superset_start(){
source ~/.bashrc
superset_status >/dev/null 2>&1
if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
conda activate superset ; gunicorn --workers 5 --timeout 120 --bind h102:8787 --daemon 'superset.app:create_app()'
else
echo "superset正在运行"
fi
}
superset_stop(){
superset_status >/dev/null 2>&1
if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
echo "superset未在运行"
else
ps -ef | awk '/gunicorn/ && !/awk/{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
fi
}
case $1 in
start )
echo "启动Superset"
superset_start
;;
stop )
echo "停止Superset"
superset_stop
;;
restart )
echo "重启Superset"
superset_stop
superset_start
;;
status )
superset_status >/dev/null 2>&1
if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
echo "superset未在运行"
else
echo "superset正在运行"
fi
esac
2)加执行权限
chmod +x superset.sh
3)测试
启动superset
superset.sh start
停止superset
superset.sh stop
3 Superset使用
3.1 对接MySQL数据源
3.1.1 安装依赖
conda install mysqlclient
说明:对接不同的数据源,需安装不同的依赖,以下地址为官网说明
https://superset.apache.org/docs/databases/installing-database-drivers
3.1.2 重启Superset
superset.sh restart
3.1.3 数据源配置
1)Database配置
Step1:点击Data/Databases
Step2:点击+DATABASE
Step3:点击填写Database及SQL Alchemy URI
注:SQL Alchemy URI编写规范:mysql://用户名:密码@主机名:端口号/数据库名称
此处填写:
mysql://root:123456@h103:3310/gmall-report?charset=utf8
Step4:点击Test Connection,出现“Seems OK!”提示即表示连接成功
Step5:点击SAVE
2)Table配置
Step1:点击Data/Datasets
Step2:点击+Datasets
Step3:配置Table
3.2 制作仪表盘
3.2.1 创建空白仪表盘
1)点击Dashboards/+DASHBOARDS
3.2.2 创建图表
1)点击Charts/+CHART
2)选择何使的图表类型
3)创建图表
4)按照说明配置图表
5)点击“Run Query”
6)保存至仪表盘
7)可以在dashboard中查看编辑
4 Superset实战
4.1 制作桑基图
4.1.1 配置Table
4.1.2 配置Chart
4.2 制作地图
5 superset布局
先添加Tabs、行、列,然后将图表拖动到tabs中,图片大小可以按住ctrl键拖动