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| Nginx笔记 |
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| Alex Zhao |
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- 简介
- Nginx基本命令和配置
- Nginx基本命令
- Nginx基本命令和配置
Nginx提供了使用Nginx的基本命令，如下表所示：
| 命令 | 参数 | 说明 |
| nginx –s signal | stop—快速停止 quit—优雅停止 reload—重新加载配置文件 reopen—重新打开日志文件 | 向nginx进程发送信号 |
| kill –s signal pid | 同上 | 使用unix例如kill同样可以将一个信号传递给nginx，使用这种方法时需要使用nginx的进程id作为参数。Nginx的进程id默认保存在/usr/local/nginx/logs 或/var/run目录下的nginx.pid文件内 |
-
-
- Nginx配置文件结构
-
Nginx由模块（module）组成，这些模块由配置文件中的指令（directives）进行控制。
Nginx指令分为：
- 简单指令；
- 块指令。
简单指令格式如下：
指令名称 指令参数;
块指令与简单指令类似，只不过将简单指令末尾的分号换成了由其他指令组成的集合。块指令的格式如下：
指令名称 指令参数 {指令集合}
如果块指令内又有块指令，那么称其为context。
Context之外的指令为main指令。
Events和http指令在main context中，server在http中，location在server中。
一个nginx配置文件的典型结构如下所示：
Main指令
http {
server {
location {
指令
…
}
}
}
Nginx配置文件使用#作为注释符号。
-
-
- 为静态内容系统服务
-
Web服务器的一个重要工作就是对外提供静态文件服务。Nginx通过location块实现此功能。根据前文所说的“Events和http指令在main context中，server在http中，location在server中”,location块如下所示：
http {
server {
location / {
root /data/www;
}
location /images/ {
root /data;
}
}
}
上述的location块指定了一个“/”前缀，nginx用请求中的URI地址与该参数比较，如果两者匹配，那么该URI被添加到root指令中的参数形成一个新的路径，这个路径就是请求的文件在本地文件系统中的路径。假设现在有一个请求，请求访问/images/hello.jpg，那么请求的文件在本地文件系统中的全路径时/data/images/hello.jpg。如果该文件不存在，则返回404 error。
一个URI能够匹配多个location时，匹配长度最多的location生效。
-
-
- 简单代理服务器
-
Nginx的一个常见的使用是作代理服务器（proxy server）。代理服务器的含义是，一个服务器将收到的请求传递给其他被代理服务器（proxied server），同时将从被代理服务器获取到的响应又发送给客户端。如下图所示：
如下所示是一个基本的代理服务器配置：
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/;
}
location ~ \.(gif|jpg|png)$ {
root /data/images;
}
}
Nginx支持标准的正则表达式作为参数进行URI匹配。使用正则表达式作为参数时需要以~为开头。~ \.(gif|jpg|png)$表示匹配以.gif、.jpg或.png结尾的URI。根据上述配置，.gif、.jpg或.png结尾的URI将匹配到root /data/images;指令；对非.gif、.jpg或.png结尾的URI将转发到被代理服务器http://localhost:8080/。
如下所示是将请求代理到fastcgi协议的端口：
server {
location / {
fastcgi_pass localhost:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
}
location ~ \.(gif|jpg|png)$ {
root /data/images;
}
}
-
- Nginx管理
前面提到Nginx支持使用信号进行管理。以下是主进程（master process）支持的信号：
| 信号名称 | 说明 |
| TERM, INT | fast shutdown |
| QUIT | graceful shutdown |
| HUP | changing configuration, keeping up with a changed time zone (only for FreeBSD and Linux), starting new worker processes with a new configuration, graceful shutdown of old worker processes |
| USR1 | re-opening log files |
| USR2 | upgrading an executable file |
| WINCH | graceful shutdown of worker processes |
以下是工作进程（worker process）支持的信号：
| 信号名称 | 说明 |
| TERM, INT | fast shutdown |
| QUIT | graceful shutdown |
| USR1 | re-opening log files |
| WINCH | abnormal termination for debugging (requires debug_points to be enabled) |
-
-
- 修改配置
-
可以使用以下命令查看Nginx的所有进程：
ps axw -o pid,ppid,user,%cpu,vsz,wchan,command | egrep '(nginx|PID)'
上述命令执行结果如下：
PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND
33126 1 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
33127 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
33128 33126 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
33129 33126 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
如果HUP信号被发送给主进程，输出可能变为：
PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND
33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
33129 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process is shutting down (nginx)
33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
其中一个旧的工作进程（33129）正在关闭。一段时间后再次查询会看到该进程消失。
-
-
- 滚动日志文件
-
使用USR1信号可以滚动日志文件。具体过程略。
-
-
- 在线升级可执行文件
-
为了升级可执行文件，首先在文件系统中替换掉旧的可执行文件。然后使用USR2信号进行升级。旧的主进程重命名其pid文件，使得新的主进程得以使用pid文件启动。待新的主进程和工作进程成功启动后，旧的主进程和工作退出。
新进程启动：
PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND
33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
36264 33126 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
旧进程渐渐退出：
PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND
33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process is shutting down (nginx)
36264 33126 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
最终升级完毕：
PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND
36264 1 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
-
- Nginx连接处理方法
针对Nginx与外部的连接，Nginx提供了多种处理连接的方法。如下表所示：
| 类型 | 说明 |
| select | 标准方式 |
| poll | 标准方式 |
| kqueue | efficient method used on FreeBSD 4.1+, OpenBSD 2.9+, NetBSD 2.0, and macOS |
| epoll | efficient method used on Linux 2.6+ |
| /dev/poll | efficient method used on Solaris 7 11/99+, HP/UX 11.22+ (eventport), IRIX 6.5.15+, and Tru64 UNIX 5.1A+ |
| eventport | event ports, method used on Solaris 10+ (due to known issues, it is recommended using the /dev/poll method instead) |
-
- 建立哈希
为了快速处理静态数据集合，例如sever名、映射指令的值、MIME类型、请求头字符串名称，Nginx使用了哈希表。具体过程略。
-
- 调试日志
使用Nginx调试日志需要在配置编译选项时带debug选项，如：./configure --with-debug。Debug文件由error_log指令设置，如：error_log /path/to/log debug;。为了验证nginx已经配置为支持debug，可以使用nginx –V命令验证。
预编译的linux包可以使用server nginx-debug start启动调试模式的nginx。
此外每个server可以使用error_log命令定义自己的日志文件。
-
-
- 调试选中的客户端
-
如果日志太多，可以只针对选中的客户端打印调试日志。命令如下：
error_log /path/to/log;
events {
debug_connection 192.168.1.1;
debug_connection 192.168.10.0/24;
}
-
-
- 将日志记录到内存
-
可以将日志记录到内存，这样在负载很重的情况下，也不会因调试降低太多性能。命令如下：
error_log memory:32m debug;
set $log = ngx_cycle->log
while $log->writer != ngx_log_memory_writer
set $log = $log->next
end
set $buf = (ngx_log_memory_buf_t *) $log->wdata
dump binary memory debug_log.txt $buf->start $buf->end
-
- 将日志记录到syslog
- 配置文件度量单位
如下表所示：
| 单位后缀 | 意义 |
| k或K | kilobyte |
| m或M | megabyte |
| g或G | gigabyte |
| ms | millisecond |
| s | second |
| m | minute |
| h | hour |
| d | day |
| w | week |
| M | mouth，30days |
| y | year，356days |
多个单位可以同时使用，例如1h30s。
有时时间的最低分辨率为秒。
-
- 命令行参数
Nginx支持以下命令行参数：
| 参数 | 意义 |
| -? | -h | 打印命令行参数帮助 |
| -c file | 指定可变的配置文件替代默认文件 |
| -g directives | 设置全局配置指令，例如： nginx -g "pid /var/run/nginx.pid; worker_processes `sysctl -n hw.ncpu`;" |
| -p prefix | 设置nginx路径前缀，例如保存服务器文件的目录（默认是/usr/local/nginx） |
| -q | 配置检测过程中平息非错误信息 |
| -s signal | 向主进程发送信号量 |
| -t | 测试配置文件 |
| -T | 与-t一样，但是增加额外的配置文件转储到标准输出 |
| -v | 打印版本 |
| -V | 打印版本，编译器版本，配置参数 |
-
- Nginx如何处理请求
- 基于名字的虚拟服务器
- Nginx如何处理请求
Nginx首先决定那个服务器应该处理该请求。
Nginx用请求头中的“Host”域去和配置文件中的server块匹配。匹配到之后，就将该请求路由给该server处理。
-
-
- 如何阻止不带服务器名的请求
-
命令如下：
server {
listen 80;
server_name "";
return 444;
}
从0.8.48之后，空字符串是默认服务器名，所以服务器名可以被省略。早期的版本，机器的主机名被用作默认服务器名。
-
-
- 混合式基于名字和基于IP地址的虚拟服务器
-
当一个server块中既监听了ip端口又指定了server_name时，首先匹配listen指令，然后匹配server_name 指令。例如：
server {
listen 192.168.1.1:80;
server_name example.org www.example.org;
...
}
server {
listen 192.168.1.1:80 default_server;
server_name example.net www.example.net;
...
}
server {
listen 192.168.1.2:80;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
...
}
如果匹配不到server_name，则使用默认server处理。Default_server是listen指令的属性。
-
-
- 一个简单的PHP站点的配置
-
配置如下：
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.org www.example.org;
root /data/www;
location / {
index index.html index.php;
}
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|png)$ {
expires 30d;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass localhost:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME
$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
该站点可以接收并处理类似的命令：
/index.php?page=1&something+else&user=john
-
- Nginx如何处理TCP/UDP链接
一个从客户端发来的TCP/UDP链接被以以下步骤（阶段）处理：
- Post-accept：收到链接后的第一个阶段。ngx_stream_realip_module模块会被调用；
- Pre-access：主要进行访问检查。ngx_stream_limit_conn_module模块会被调用；
- Access：在真实数据处理前的客户端访问限制。ngx_stream_access_module模块会被调用；
- SSL:TLS/SSL终端。ngx_stream_ssl_module模块会被调用；
- Preread：读取数据的初始化字节到preread buffer，以便允许如ngx_stream_ssl_preread_module之类的模块进行处理前的数据分析；
- Content：数据真实处理的强制性阶段，通常是被代理到upstream server，或者是返回给客户端的指定值；
- Log：最后阶段，在该阶段处理结果被记日志。ngx_stream_log_module模块会被调用。
- 模块参考
Nginx内置以下module：
-
- ngx_http_core_module
- ngx_http_access_module
- ngx_http_addition_module
- ngx_http_api_module
- ngx_http_auth_basic_module
- ngx_http_auth_jwt_module
- ngx_http_auth_request_module
- ngx_http_autoindex_module
- ngx_http_browser_module
- ngx_http_charset_module
- ngx_http_dav_module
- ngx_http_empty_gif_module
- ngx_http_f4f_module
- ngx_http_fastcgi_module
- ngx_http_flv_module
- ngx_http_geo_module
- ngx_http_geoip_module
- ngx_http_grpc_module
- ngx_http_gunzip_module
- ngx_http_gzip_module
- ngx_http_gzip_static_module
- ngx_http_headers_module
- ngx_http_hls_module
- ngx_http_image_filter_module
- ngx_http_index_module
- ngx_http_js_module
- ngx_http_keyval_module
- ngx_http_limit_conn_module
- ngx_http_limit_req_module
- ngx_http_log_module
- ngx_http_map_module
- ngx_http_memcached_module
- ngx_http_mirror_module
- ngx_http_mp4_module
- ngx_http_perl_module
- ngx_http_proxy_module
- ngx_http_random_index_module
- ngx_http_realip_module
- ngx_http_referer_module
- ngx_http_rewrite_module
- ngx_http_scgi_module
- ngx_http_secure_link_module
- ngx_http_session_log_module
- ngx_http_slice_module
- ngx_http_spdy_module
- ngx_http_split_clients_module
- ngx_http_ssi_module
- ngx_http_ssl_module
- ngx_http_status_module
- ngx_http_stub_status_module
- ngx_http_sub_module
- ngx_http_upstream_module
- ngx_http_upstream_conf_module
- ngx_http_upstream_hc_module
- ngx_http_userid_module
- ngx_http_uwsgi_module
- ngx_http_v2_module
- ngx_http_xslt_module
- ngx_mail_core_module
- ngx_mail_auth_http_module
- ngx_mail_proxy_module
- ngx_mail_ssl_module
- ngx_mail_imap_module
- ngx_mail_pop3_module
- ngx_mail_smtp_module
- ngx_stream_core_module
- ngx_stream_access_module
- ngx_stream_geo_module
- ngx_stream_geoip_module
- ngx_stream_js_module
- ngx_stream_keyval_module
- ngx_stream_limit_conn_module
- ngx_stream_log_module
- ngx_stream_map_module
- ngx_stream_proxy_module
- ngx_stream_realip_module
- ngx_stream_return_module
- ngx_stream_split_clients_module
- ngx_stream_ssl_module
- ngx_stream_ssl_preread_module
- ngx_stream_upstream_module
- ngx_stream_upstream_hc_module
- ngx_stream_zone_sync_module
- ngx_google_perftools_module
nginx内置module可以分为以下几类：
- ngx_http_前缀开头的，http相关module；
- gnx_mail_前缀开头的，mail相关module；
- gnx_stream_前缀开头的，stream相关module；
- ngx_google_前缀开头的，google相关module。
- 指令
| 序号 | 指令名 | 备注 |
|
| absolute_redirect | |
|
| accept_mutex | |
|
| accept_mutex_delay | |
|
| access_log (ngx_http_log_module) | |
|
| access_log (ngx_stream_log_module) | |
|
| add_after_body | |
|
| add_before_body | |
|
| add_header | |
|
| add_trailer | |
|
| addition_types | |
|
| aio | |
|
| aio_write | |
|
| alias | |
|
| allow (ngx_http_access_module) | |
|
| allow (ngx_stream_access_module) | |
|
| ancient_browser | |
|
| ancient_browser_value | |
|
| api | |
|
| auth_basic | |
|
| auth_basic_user_file | |
|
| auth_delay | |
|
| auth_http | |
|
| auth_http_header | |
|
| auth_http_pass_client_cert | |
|
| auth_http_timeout | |
|
| auth_jwt | |
|
| auth_jwt_claim_set | |
|
| auth_jwt_header_set | |
|
| auth_jwt_key_file | |
|
| auth_jwt_key_request | |
|
| auth_jwt_leeway | |
|
| auth_request | |
|
| auth_request_set | |
|
| autoindex | |
|
| autoindex_exact_size | |
|
| autoindex_format | |
|
| autoindex_localtime | |
|
| break | |
|
| charset | |
|
| charset_map | |
|
| charset_types | |
|
| chunked_transfer_encoding | |
|
| client_body_buffer_size | |
|
| client_body_in_file_only | |
|
| client_body_in_single_buffer | |
|
| client_body_temp_path | |
|
| client_body_timeout | |
|
| client_header_buffer_size | |
|
| client_header_timeout | |
|
| client_max_body_size | |
|
| connection_pool_size | |
|
| create_full_put_path | |
|
| daemon | |
|
| dav_access | |
|
| dav_methods | |
|
| debug_connection | |
|
| debug_points | |
|
| default_type | |
|
| deny (ngx_http_access_module) | |
|
| deny (ngx_stream_access_module) | |
|
| directio | |
|
| directio_alignment | |
|
| disable_symlinks | |
|
| empty_gif | |
|
| env | |
|
| error_log | |
|
| error_page | |
|
| etag | |
|
| events | |
|
| expires | |
|
| f4f | |
|
| f4f_buffer_size | |
|
| fastcgi_bind | |
|
| fastcgi_buffer_size | |
|
| fastcgi_buffering | |
|
| fastcgi_buffers | |
|
| fastcgi_busy_buffers_size | |
|
| fastcgi_cache | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_background_update | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_bypass | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_key | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_lock | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_lock_age | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_lock_timeout | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_max_range_offset | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_methods | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_min_uses | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_path | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_purge | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_revalidate | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_use_stale | |
|
| fastcgi_cache_valid | |
|
| fastcgi_catch_stderr | |
|
| fastcgi_connect_timeout | |
|
| fastcgi_force_ranges | |
|
| fastcgi_hide_header | |
|
| fastcgi_ignore_client_abort | |
|
| fastcgi_ignore_headers | |
|
| fastcgi_index | |
|
| fastcgi_intercept_errors | |
|
| fastcgi_keep_conn | |
|
| fastcgi_limit_rate | |
|
| fastcgi_max_temp_file_size | |
|
| fastcgi_next_upstream | |
|
| fastcgi_next_upstream_timeout | |
|
| fastcgi_next_upstream_tries | |
|
| fastcgi_no_cache | |
|
| fastcgi_param | |
|
| fastcgi_pass | |
|
| fastcgi_pass_header | |
|
| fastcgi_pass_request_body | |
|
| fastcgi_pass_request_headers | |
|
| fastcgi_read_timeout | |
|
| fastcgi_request_buffering | |
|
| fastcgi_send_lowat | |
|
| fastcgi_send_timeout | |
|
| fastcgi_socket_keepalive | |
|
| fastcgi_split_path_info | |
|
| fastcgi_store | |
|
| fastcgi_store_access | |
|
| fastcgi_temp_file_write_size | |
|
| fastcgi_temp_path | |
|
| flv | |
|
| geo (ngx_http_geo_module) | |
|
| geo (ngx_stream_geo_module) | |
|
| geoip_city (ngx_http_geoip_module) | |
|
| geoip_city (ngx_stream_geoip_module) | |
|
| geoip_country (ngx_http_geoip_module) | |
|
| geoip_country (ngx_stream_geoip_module) | |
|
| geoip_org (ngx_http_geoip_module) | |
|
| geoip_org (ngx_stream_geoip_module) | |
|
| geoip_proxy | |
|
| geoip_proxy_recursive | |
|
| google_perftools_profiles | |
|
| grpc_bind | |
|
| grpc_buffer_size | |
|
| grpc_connect_timeout | |
|
| grpc_hide_header | |
|
| grpc_ignore_headers | |
|
| grpc_intercept_errors | |
|
| grpc_next_upstream | |
|
| grpc_next_upstream_timeout | |
|
| grpc_next_upstream_tries | |
|
| grpc_pass | |
|
| grpc_pass_header | |
|
| grpc_read_timeout | |
|
| grpc_send_timeout | |
|
| grpc_set_header | |
|
| grpc_socket_keepalive | |
|
| grpc_ssl_certificate | |
|
| grpc_ssl_certificate_key | |
|
| grpc_ssl_ciphers | |
|
| grpc_ssl_crl | |
|
| grpc_ssl_name | |
|
| grpc_ssl_password_file | |
|
| grpc_ssl_protocols | |
|
| grpc_ssl_server_name | |
|
| grpc_ssl_session_reuse | |
|
| grpc_ssl_trusted_certificate | |
|
| grpc_ssl_verify | |
|
| grpc_ssl_verify_depth | |
|
| gunzip | |
|
| gunzip_buffers | |
|
| gzip | |
|
| gzip_buffers | |
|
| gzip_comp_level | |
|
| gzip_disable | |
|
| gzip_http_version | |
|
| gzip_min_length | |
|
| gzip_proxied | |
|
| gzip_static | |
|
| gzip_types | |
|
| gzip_vary | |
|
| hash (ngx_http_upstream_module) | |
|
| hash (ngx_stream_upstream_module) | |
|
| health_check (ngx_http_upstream_hc_module) | |
|
| health_check (ngx_stream_upstream_hc_module) | |
|
| health_check_timeout | |
|
| hls | |
|
| hls_buffers | |
|
| hls_forward_args | |
|
| hls_fragment | |
|
| hls_mp4_buffer_size | |
|
| hls_mp4_max_buffer_size | |
|
| http | |
|
| http2_body_preread_size | |
|
| http2_chunk_size | |
|
| http2_idle_timeout | |
|
| http2_max_concurrent_pushes | |
|
| http2_max_concurrent_streams | |
|
| http2_max_field_size | |
|
| http2_max_header_size | |
|
| http2_max_requests | |
|
| http2_push | |
|
| http2_push_preload | |
|
| http2_recv_buffer_size | |
|
| http2_recv_timeout | |
|
| if | |
|
| if_modified_since | |
|
| ignore_invalid_headers | |
|
| image_filter | |
|
| image_filter_buffer | |
|
| image_filter_interlace | |
|
| image_filter_jpeg_quality | |
|
| image_filter_sharpen | |
|
| image_filter_transparency | |
|
| image_filter_webp_quality | |
|
| imap_auth | |
|
| imap_capabilities | |
|
| imap_client_buffer | |
|
| include | |
|
| index | |
|
| internal | |
|
| ip_hash | |
|
| js_access | |
|
| js_content | |
|
| js_filter | |
|
| js_import (ngx_http_js_module) | |
|
| js_import (ngx_stream_js_module) | |
|
| js_include (ngx_http_js_module) | |
|
| js_include (ngx_stream_js_module) | |
|
| js_path (ngx_http_js_module) | |
|
| js_path (ngx_stream_js_module) | |
|
| js_preread | |
|
| js_set (ngx_http_js_module) | |
|
| js_set (ngx_stream_js_module) | |
|
| keepalive | |
|
| keepalive_disable | |
|
| keepalive_requests (ngx_http_core_module) | |
|
| keepalive_requests (ngx_http_upstream_module) | |
|
| keepalive_timeout (ngx_http_core_module) | |
|
| keepalive_timeout (ngx_http_upstream_module) | |
|
| keyval (ngx_http_keyval_module) | |
|
| keyval (ngx_stream_keyval_module) | |
|
| keyval_zone (ngx_http_keyval_module) | |
|
| keyval_zone (ngx_stream_keyval_module) | |
|
| large_client_header_buffers | |
|
| least_conn (ngx_http_upstream_module) | |
|
| least_conn (ngx_stream_upstream_module) | |
|
| least_time (ngx_http_upstream_module) | |
|
| least_time (ngx_stream_upstream_module) | |
|
| limit_conn (ngx_http_limit_conn_module) | |
|
| limit_conn (ngx_stream_limit_conn_module) | |
|
| limit_conn_dry_run (ngx_http_limit_conn_module) | |
|
| limit_conn_dry_run (ngx_stream_limit_conn_module) | |
|
| limit_conn_log_level (ngx_http_limit_conn_module) | |
|
| limit_conn_log_level (ngx_stream_limit_conn_module) | |
|
| limit_conn_status | |
|
| limit_conn_zone (ngx_http_limit_conn_module) | |
|
| limit_conn_zone (ngx_stream_limit_conn_module) | |
|
| limit_except | |
|
| limit_rate | |
|
| limit_rate_after | |
|
| limit_req | |
|
| limit_req_dry_run | |
|
| limit_req_log_level | |
|
| limit_req_status | |
|
| limit_req_zone | |
|
| limit_zone | |
|
| lingering_close | |
|
| lingering_time | |
|
| lingering_timeout | |
|
| listen (ngx_http_core_module) | |
|
| listen (ngx_mail_core_module) | |
|
| listen (ngx_stream_core_module) | |
|
| load_module | |
|
| location | |
|
| lock_file | |
|
| log_format (ngx_http_log_module) | |
|
| log_format (ngx_stream_log_module) | |
|
| log_not_found | |
|
| log_subrequest | |
|
| | |
|
| map (ngx_http_map_module) | |
|
| map (ngx_stream_map_module) | |
|
| map_hash_bucket_size (ngx_http_map_module) | |
|
| map_hash_bucket_size (ngx_stream_map_module) | |
|
| map_hash_max_size (ngx_http_map_module) | |
|
| map_hash_max_size (ngx_stream_map_module) | |
|
| master_process | |
|
| match (ngx_http_upstream_hc_module) | |
|
| match (ngx_stream_upstream_hc_module) | |
|
| max_ranges | |
|
| memcached_bind | |
|
| memcached_buffer_size | |
|
| memcached_connect_timeout | |
|
| memcached_force_ranges | |
|
| memcached_gzip_flag | |
|
| memcached_next_upstream | |
|
| memcached_next_upstream_timeout | |
|
| memcached_next_upstream_tries | |
|
| memcached_pass | |
|
| memcached_read_timeout | |
|
| memcached_send_timeout | |
|
| memcached_socket_keepalive | |
|
| merge_slashes | |
|
| min_delete_depth | |
|
| mirror | |
|
| mirror_request_body | |
|
| modern_browser | |
|
| modern_browser_value | |
|
| mp4 | |
|
| mp4_buffer_size | |
|
| mp4_limit_rate | |
|
| mp4_limit_rate_after | |
|
| mp4_max_buffer_size | |
|
| msie_padding | |
|
| msie_refresh | |
|
| multi_accept | |
|
| ntlm | |
|
| open_file_cache | |
|
| open_file_cache_errors | |
|
| open_file_cache_min_uses | |
|
| open_file_cache_valid | |
|
| open_log_file_cache (ngx_http_log_module) | |
|
| open_log_file_cache (ngx_stream_log_module) | |
|
| output_buffers | |
|
| override_charset | |
|
| pcre_jit | |
|
| perl | |
|
| perl_modules | |
|
| perl_require | |
|
| perl_set | |
|
| pid | |
|
| pop3_auth | |
|
| pop3_capabilities | |
|
| port_in_redirect | |
|
| postpone_output | |
|
| preread_buffer_size | |
|
| preread_timeout | |
|
| protocol | |
|
| proxy_bind (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_bind (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_buffer | |
|
| proxy_buffer_size (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_buffer_size (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_buffering | |
|
| proxy_buffers | |
|
| proxy_busy_buffers_size | |
|
| proxy_cache | |
|
| proxy_cache_background_update | |
|
| proxy_cache_bypass | |
|
| proxy_cache_convert_head | |
|
| proxy_cache_key | |
|
| proxy_cache_lock | |
|
| proxy_cache_lock_age | |
|
| proxy_cache_lock_timeout | |
|
| proxy_cache_max_range_offset | |
|
| proxy_cache_methods | |
|
| proxy_cache_min_uses | |
|
| proxy_cache_path | |
|
| proxy_cache_purge | |
|
| proxy_cache_revalidate | |
|
| proxy_cache_use_stale | |
|
| proxy_cache_valid | |
|
| proxy_connect_timeout (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_connect_timeout (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_cookie_domain | |
|
| proxy_cookie_path | |
|
| proxy_download_rate | |
|
| proxy_force_ranges | |
|
| proxy_headers_hash_bucket_size | |
|
| proxy_headers_hash_max_size | |
|
| proxy_hide_header | |
|
| proxy_http_version | |
|
| proxy_ignore_client_abort | |
|
| proxy_ignore_headers | |
|
| proxy_intercept_errors | |
|
| proxy_limit_rate | |
|
| proxy_max_temp_file_size | |
|
| proxy_method | |
|
| proxy_next_upstream (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_next_upstream (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_next_upstream_timeout (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_next_upstream_timeout (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_next_upstream_tries (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_next_upstream_tries (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_no_cache | |
|
| proxy_pass (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_pass (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_pass_error_message | |
|
| proxy_pass_header | |
|
| proxy_pass_request_body | |
|
| proxy_pass_request_headers | |
|
| proxy_protocol | |
|
| proxy_protocol_timeout | |
|
| proxy_read_timeout | |
|
| proxy_redirect | |
|
| proxy_request_buffering | |
|
| proxy_requests | |
|
| proxy_responses | |
|
| proxy_send_lowat | |
|
| proxy_send_timeout | |
|
| proxy_session_drop | |
|
| proxy_set_body | |
|
| proxy_set_header | |
|
| proxy_socket_keepalive (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_socket_keepalive (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl | |
|
| proxy_ssl_certificate (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_certificate (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_certificate_key (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_certificate_key (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_ciphers (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_ciphers (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_crl (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_crl (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_name (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_name (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_password_file (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_password_file (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_protocols (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_protocols (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_server_name (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_server_name (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_session_reuse (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_session_reuse (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_trusted_certificate (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_trusted_certificate (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_verify (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_verify (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_verify_depth (ngx_http_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_ssl_verify_depth (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_store | |
|
| proxy_store_access | |
|
| proxy_temp_file_write_size | |
|
| proxy_temp_path | |
|
| proxy_timeout (ngx_mail_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_timeout (ngx_stream_proxy_module) | |
|
| proxy_upload_rate | |
|
| queue | |
|
| random (ngx_http_upstream_module) | |
|
| random (ngx_stream_upstream_module) | |
|
| random_index | |
|
| read_ahead | |
|
| real_ip_header | |
|
| real_ip_recursive | |
|
| recursive_error_pages | |
|
| referer_hash_bucket_size | |
|
| referer_hash_max_size | |
|
| request_pool_size | |
|
| reset_timedout_connection | |
|
| resolver (ngx_http_core_module) | |
|
| resolver (ngx_http_upstream_module) | |
|
| resolver (ngx_mail_core_module) | |
|
| resolver (ngx_stream_core_module) | |
|
| resolver (ngx_stream_upstream_module) | |
|
| resolver_timeout (ngx_http_core_module) | |
|
| resolver_timeout (ngx_http_upstream_module) | |
|
| resolver_timeout (ngx_mail_core_module) | |
|
| resolver_timeout (ngx_stream_core_module) | |
|
| resolver_timeout (ngx_stream_upstream_module) | |
|
| return (ngx_http_rewrite_module) | |
|
| return (ngx_stream_return_module) | |
|
| rewrite | |
|
| rewrite_log | |
|
| root | |
|
| satisfy | |
|
| scgi_bind | |
|
| scgi_buffer_size | |
|
| scgi_buffering | |
|
| scgi_buffers | |
|
| scgi_busy_buffers_size | |
|
| scgi_cache | |
|
| scgi_cache_background_update | |
|
| scgi_cache_bypass | |
|
| scgi_cache_key | |
|
| scgi_cache_lock | |
|
| scgi_cache_lock_age | |
|
| scgi_cache_lock_timeout | |
|
| scgi_cache_max_range_offset | |
|
| scgi_cache_methods | |
|
| scgi_cache_min_uses | |
|
| scgi_cache_path | |
|
| scgi_cache_purge | |
|
| scgi_cache_revalidate | |
|
| scgi_cache_use_stale | |
|
| scgi_cache_valid | |
|
| scgi_connect_timeout | |
|
| scgi_force_ranges | |
|
| scgi_hide_header | |
|
| scgi_ignore_client_abort | |
|
| scgi_ignore_headers | |
|
| scgi_intercept_errors | |
|
| scgi_limit_rate | |
|
| scgi_max_temp_file_size | |
|
| scgi_next_upstream | |
|
| scgi_next_upstream_timeout | |
|
| scgi_next_upstream_tries | |
|
| scgi_no_cache | |
|
| scgi_param | |
|
| scgi_pass | |
|
| scgi_pass_header | |
|
| scgi_pass_request_body | |
|
| scgi_pass_request_headers | |
|
| scgi_read_timeout | |
|
| scgi_request_buffering | |
|
| scgi_send_timeout | |
|
| scgi_socket_keepalive | |
|
| scgi_store | |
|
| scgi_store_access | |
|
| scgi_temp_file_write_size | |
|
| scgi_temp_path | |
|
| secure_link | |
|
| secure_link_md5 | |
|
| secure_link_secret | |
|
| send_lowat | |
|
| send_timeout | |
|
| sendfile | |
|
| sendfile_max_chunk | |
|
| server (ngx_http_core_module) | |
|
| server (ngx_http_upstream_module) | |
|
| server (ngx_mail_core_module) | |
|
| server (ngx_stream_core_module) | |
|
| server (ngx_stream_upstream_module) | |
|
| server_name (ngx_http_core_module) | |
|
| server_name (ngx_mail_core_module) | |
|
| server_name_in_redirect | |
|
| server_names_hash_bucket_size | |
|
| server_names_hash_max_size | |
|
| server_tokens | |
|
| session_log | |
|
| session_log_format | |
|
| session_log_zone | |
|
| set | |
|
| set_real_ip_from (ngx_http_realip_module) | |
|
| set_real_ip_from (ngx_stream_realip_module) | |
|
| slice | |
|
| smtp_auth | |
|
| smtp_capabilities | |
|
| smtp_client_buffer | |
|
| smtp_greeting_delay | |
|
| source_charset | |
|
| spdy_chunk_size | |
|
| spdy_headers_comp | |
|
| split_clients (ngx_http_split_clients_module) | |
|
| split_clients (ngx_stream_split_clients_module) | |
|
| ssi | |
|
| ssi_last_modified | |
|
| ssi_min_file_chunk | |
|
| ssi_silent_errors | |
|
| ssi_types | |
|
| ssi_value_length | |
|
| ssl (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_buffer_size | |
|
| ssl_certificate (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_certificate (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_certificate (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_certificate_key (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_certificate_key (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_certificate_key (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_ciphers (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_ciphers (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_ciphers (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_client_certificate (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_client_certificate (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_client_certificate (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_crl (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_crl (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_crl (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_dhparam (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_dhparam (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_dhparam (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_early_data | |
|
| ssl_ecdh_curve (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_ecdh_curve (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_ecdh_curve (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_engine | |
|
| ssl_handshake_timeout | |
|
| ssl_ocsp | |
|
| ssl_ocsp_cache | |
|
| ssl_ocsp_responder | |
|
| ssl_password_file (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_password_file (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_password_file (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_prefer_server_ciphers (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_prefer_server_ciphers (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_prefer_server_ciphers (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_preread | |
|
| ssl_protocols (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_protocols (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_protocols (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_session_cache (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_session_cache (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_session_cache (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_session_ticket_key (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_session_ticket_key (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_session_ticket_key (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_session_tickets (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_session_tickets (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_session_tickets (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_session_timeout (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_session_timeout (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_session_timeout (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_stapling | |
|
| ssl_stapling_file | |
|
| ssl_stapling_responder | |
|
| ssl_stapling_verify | |
|
| ssl_trusted_certificate (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_trusted_certificate (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_trusted_certificate (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_verify_client (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_verify_client (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_verify_client (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_verify_depth (ngx_http_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_verify_depth (ngx_mail_ssl_module) | |
|
| ssl_verify_depth (ngx_stream_ssl_module) | |
|
| starttls | |
|
| state (ngx_http_upstream_module) | |
|
| state (ngx_stream_upstream_module) | |
|
| status | |
|
| status_format | |
|
| status_zone (ngx_http_api_module) | |
|
| status_zone (ngx_http_status_module) | |
|
| sticky | |
|
| sticky_cookie_insert | |
|
| stream | |
|
| stub_status | |
|
| sub_filter | |
|
| sub_filter_last_modified | |
|
| sub_filter_once | |
|
| sub_filter_types | |
|
| subrequest_output_buffer_size | |
|
| tcp_nodelay (ngx_http_core_module) | |
|
| tcp_nodelay (ngx_stream_core_module) | |
|
| tcp_nopush | |
|
| thread_pool | |
|
| timeout | |
|
| timer_resolution | |
|
| try_files | |
|
| types | |
|
| types_hash_bucket_size | |
|
| types_hash_max_size | |
|
| underscores_in_headers | |
|
| uninitialized_variable_warn | |
|
| upstream (ngx_http_upstream_module) | |
|
| upstream (ngx_stream_upstream_module) | |
|
| upstream_conf | |
|
| use | |
|
| user | |
|
| userid | |
|
| userid_domain | |
|
| userid_expires | |
|
| userid_mark | |
|
| userid_name | |
|
| userid_p3p | |
|
| userid_path | |
|
| userid_service | |
|
| uwsgi_bind | |
|
| uwsgi_buffer_size | |
|
| uwsgi_buffering | |
|
| uwsgi_buffers | |
|
| uwsgi_busy_buffers_size | |
|
| uwsgi_cache | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_background_update | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_bypass | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_key | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_lock | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_lock_age | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_lock_timeout | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_max_range_offset | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_methods | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_min_uses | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_path | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_purge | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_revalidate | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_use_stale | |
|
| uwsgi_cache_valid | |
|
| uwsgi_connect_timeout | |
|
| uwsgi_force_ranges | |
|
| uwsgi_hide_header | |
|
| uwsgi_ignore_client_abort | |
|
| uwsgi_ignore_headers | |
|
| uwsgi_intercept_errors | |
|
| uwsgi_limit_rate | |
|
| uwsgi_max_temp_file_size | |
|
| uwsgi_modifier1 | |
|
| uwsgi_modifier2 | |
|
| uwsgi_next_upstream | |
|
| uwsgi_next_upstream_timeout | |
|
| uwsgi_next_upstream_tries | |
|
| uwsgi_no_cache | |
|
| uwsgi_param | |
|
| uwsgi_pass | |
|
| uwsgi_pass_header | |
|
| uwsgi_pass_request_body | |
|
| uwsgi_pass_request_headers | |
|
| uwsgi_read_timeout | |
|
| uwsgi_request_buffering | |
|
| uwsgi_send_timeout | |
|
| uwsgi_socket_keepalive | |
|
| uwsgi_ssl_certificate | |
|
| uwsgi_ssl_certificate_key | |
|
| uwsgi_ssl_ciphers | |
|
| uwsgi_ssl_crl | |
|
| uwsgi_ssl_name | |
|
| uwsgi_ssl_password_file | |
|
| uwsgi_ssl_protocols | |
|
| uwsgi_ssl_server_name | |
|
| uwsgi_ssl_session_reuse | |
|
| uwsgi_ssl_trusted_certificate | |
|
| uwsgi_ssl_verify | |
|
| uwsgi_ssl_verify_depth | |
|
| uwsgi_store | |
|
| uwsgi_store_access | |
|
| uwsgi_temp_file_write_size | |
|
| uwsgi_temp_path | |
|
| valid_referers | |
|
| variables_hash_bucket_size (ngx_http_core_module) | |
|
| variables_hash_bucket_size (ngx_stream_core_module) | |
|
| variables_hash_max_size (ngx_http_core_module) | |
|
| variables_hash_max_size (ngx_stream_core_module) | |
|
| worker_aio_requests | |
|
| worker_connections | |
|
| worker_cpu_affinity | |
|
| worker_priority | |
|
| worker_processes | |
|
| worker_rlimit_core | |
|
| worker_rlimit_nofile | |
|
| worker_shutdown_timeout | |
|
| working_directory | |
|
| xclient | |
|
| xml_entities | |
|
| xslt_last_modified | |
|
| xslt_param | |
|
| xslt_string_param | |
|
| xslt_stylesheet | |
|
| xslt_types | |
|
| zone (ngx_http_upstream_module) | |
|
| zone (ngx_stream_upstream_module) | |
|
| zone_sync | |
|
| zone_sync_buffers | |
|
| zone_sync_connect_retry_interval | |
|
| zone_sync_connect_timeout | |
|
| zone_sync_interval | |
|
| zone_sync_recv_buffer_size | |
|
| zone_sync_server | |
|
| zone_sync_ssl | |
|
| zone_sync_ssl_certificate | |
|
| zone_sync_ssl_certificate_key | |
|
| zone_sync_ssl_ciphers | |
|
| zone_sync_ssl_crl | |
|
| zone_sync_ssl_name | |
|
| zone_sync_ssl_password_file | |
|
| zone_sync_ssl_protocols | |
|
| zone_sync_ssl_server_name | |
|
| zone_sync_ssl_trusted_certificate | |
|
| zone_sync_ssl_verify | |
|
| zone_sync_ssl_verify_depth | |
|
| zone_sync_timeout |
-
- 变量
- 核心功能
属于nginx核心功能的指令包括：
| 序号 | 指令名 | 备注 |
|
| accept_mutex | |
|
| accept_mutex_delay | |
|
| daemon | |
|
| debug_connection | |
|
| debug_points | |
|
| env | |
|
| error_log | |
|
| events | |
|
| include | |
|
| load_module | |
|
| lock_file | |
|
| master_process | |
|
| multi_accept | |
|
| pcre_jit | |
|
| pid | |
|
| ssl_engine | |
|
| thread_pool | |
|
| timer_resolution | |
|
| use | |
|
| user | |
|
| worker_aio_requests | |
|
| worker_connections | |
|
| worker_cpu_affinity | |
|
| worker_priority | |
|
| worker_processes | |
|
| worker_rlimit_core | |
|
| worker_rlimit_nofile | |
|
| worker_shutdown_timeout | |
|
| working_directory |
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