Java面试题集

Q:What are different types of inner classes?

A:Nested top-level classes, Member classes, Local classes, Anonymous classes

• Nested top-level classes- If you declare a class within a class and specify the static modifier, the compiler treats the class just like any other top-level class.Any class outside the declaring class accesses the nested class with the declaring class name acting similarly to a package. eg, outer.inner. Top-level inner classes implicitly have access only to static variables.There can also be inner interfaces. All of these are of the nested top-level variety.

• Member classes - Member inner classes are just like other member methods and member variables and access to the member class is restricted, just like methods and variables. This means a public member class acts similarly to a nested top-level class. The primary difference between member classes and nested top-level classes is that member classes have access to the specific instance of the enclosing class.

• Local classes - Local classes are like local variables, specific to a block of code. Their visibility is only within the block of their declaration. In order for the class to be useful beyond the declaration block, it would need to implement amore publicly available interface.Because local classes are not members, the modifiers public, protected, private, and static are not usable.

• Anonymous classes - Anonymous inner classes extend local inner classes one level further. As anonymous classes have no name, you cannot provide a constructor.

Q:Primitive data types are passed by reference or pass by value?

A：Primitive data types are passed by value.

*** String and All Primitive wrapper classes are immutable class, like BigInteger

Q: Java 序列化
implement java.io.serializable  or implement java.io.externalizable(read external/write external)

Q:What happens to the static fields of a class during serialization?

A:There are three exceptions in which serialization doesnot necessarily read and write to the stream. These are

• Serialization ignores static fields, because they are not part of ay particular state state.
• Base class fields are only hendled if the base class itself is serializable.
• Transient fields.