翻译：基于SSD和迁移学习实现对SENTINEL-1图像的船舶检测

翻译：COMBINING SINGLE SHOT MULTIBOX DETECTOR WITH TRANSFER LEARNING FOR SHIP DETECTION USING SENTINEL-1 IMAGES

论文地址：https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8124924

ABSTRACT

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are all-weather, all-time, and wide coverage, increasingly used for ship detection to ensure marine surveillance and transportation security. Currently, deep learning has achieved enormous success in object detection with the capability of representation learning. Combining single shot multiBox detector (SSD) with transfer learning is proposed to address ship detection with complex surroundings, such as both ocean and island in this paper. SSD is chosen because its detection accuracy remains high with relative fast speed and transfer learning is chosen because it performs well even with small training datasets. Two types of SSD models integrated with transfer learning, namely, SSD300 and SSD512 with an input size of 300 pixels and 512 pixels in height and width, are applied to ship detection. To evaluate our approach, SAR images dataset acquired by Sentinel-1 are used. Experimental results reveal that compared with SSD300, SSD512 achieves lower false alarm and slighter lower in detection accuracy. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Index Terms—Sentinel-1 images, ship detection, single shot multiBox detector, transfer learning
合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像全天候、全时、全覆盖，被越来越多地用于船舶探测以确保海洋监视和运输安全。目前，深度学习在具有表征学习能力的目标检测方面取得了巨大的成功。针对海洋、岛屿等复杂环境下的船舶检测问题，提出了SSD(single shot multiBox detector)与迁移学习相结合的方法。选择SSD是因为它的检测精度高，速度相对较快，而选择迁移学习是因为它即使在小训练集上表现也良好。将两种融合了迁移学习的SSD模型，SSD300和SSD512应用于船舶检测，其输入大小分别为300300和512512。为了评估我们的方法，使用Sentinel-1获取的SAR图像数据集。实验结果表明，与SSD300相比，SSD512具有较低的误报率和较低的检测精度。这些结果证明了该方法的有效性。
索引词：Sentinel-1图像,船舶检测, SSD, 迁移学习

1. INTRODUCTION

The Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images have the advantages of all-weather, all-time, and wide coverage, thus increasingly used for ship detection to ensure marine surveillance and transportation security. There are three typical approaches to addressing ship detection, i.e., statistical models, features extraction and deep learning. The first two kind of methods are highly dependent on the statistics or the handcrafted features. However, the various surroundings of vessels, such as open-ocean or enclosed harbor surroundings, and the orientations of ships relative to sensors, make it difficult to describe their scattering mechanisms and distill features, thus limiting these two kinds of methods. To date, deep learning methods have been adopted for ship detection in SAR images because of its capability with representation learning [1]. [2] firstly used landocean segmentation to obtain the candidate location of ships and then exploited convolutional netwo