【刷题】代码随想录算法训练营第四天|24、两两交换链表中的节点，19、删除链表的倒数第N个节点，面试题：02.07链表相交，142、环形链表II

24. 两两交换链表中的节点

讲解：https://programmercarl.com/0024.%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%A4%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E9%93%BE%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9.html
状态：AC

！！！以后链表操作都用虚拟头节点！！！
以下三部曲：

• 初始虚拟头节点，cur指向虚拟头节点
  

• 三个步骤
  

• 直观
  

# Definition for singly-linked list.
class ListNode(object):
    def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
        self.val = val
        self.next = next
class Solution(object):
    def swapPairs(self, head):
        """
        :type head: ListNode
        :rtype: ListNode
        """
        dummyhead = ListNode(next=head)
        cur = dummyhead
        while cur.next and cur.next.next:
            temp = cur.next
            temp1 = cur.next.next.next

            cur.next = cur.next.next
            cur.next.next = temp
            # cur.next.next.next = temp1
            temp.next = temp1

            cur = cur.next.next
        return dummyhead.next

19. 删除链表的倒数第N个节点

讲解：https://programmercarl.com/0019.%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E9%93%BE%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%80%92%E6%95%B0%E7%AC%ACN%E4%B8%AA%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9.html
状态：AC

快慢指针：fast和slow，因为是倒数第n个节点，所以让fast提前先走n+1步，最后做一次删除节点操作就可以。

# Definition for singly-linked list.
class ListNode(object):
    def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
        self.val = val
        self.next = next
class Solution(object):
    def removeNthFromEnd(self, head, n):
        """
        :type head: ListNode
        :type n: int
        :rtype: ListNode
        """
        # 创建一个虚拟节点，并将其下一个指针设置为链表的头部
        dummy_head = ListNode(0, head)
        
        # 创建两个指针，慢指针和快指针，并将它们初始化为虚拟节点
        slow = fast = dummy_head
        
        # 快指针比慢指针快 n+1 步
        for i in range(n+1):
            fast = fast.next
        
        # 移动两个指针，直到快速指针到达链表的末尾
        while fast:
            slow = slow.next
            fast = fast.next
        
        # 通过更新第 (n-1) 个节点的 next 指针删除第 n 个节点
        slow.next = slow.next.next
        
        return dummy_head.next

面试题：02.07 链表相交

讲解：https://programmercarl.com/%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%A2%9802.07.%E9%93%BE%E8%A1%A8%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%A4.html
状态：AC

看清题目：如果两个链表相交末尾一定是相同的，因此采用末尾对齐再去找起始交点就可。

# Definition for singly-linked list.
class ListNode(object):
    def __init__(self, x):
        self.val = x
        self.next = None

class Solution(object):
    def getIntersectionNode(self, headA, headB):
        """
        :type head1, head1: ListNode
        :rtype: ListNode
        """
        lenA = self.getLength(headA)
        lenB = self.getLength(headB)
        
        # 通过移动较长的链表，使两链表长度相等
        if lenA > lenB:
            headA = self.moveForward(headA, lenA - lenB)
        else:
            headB = self.moveForward(headB, lenB - lenA)
        
        # 将两个头向前移动，直到它们相交
        while headA and headB:
            if headA == headB:
                return headA
            headA = headA.next
            headB = headB.next
        
        return None
    
    def getLength(self, head):
        length = 0
        while head:
            length += 1
            head = head.next
        return length
    
    def moveForward(self, head, steps):
        while steps > 0:
            head = head.next
            steps -= 1
        return head
        

142. 环形链表II

讲解：https://programmercarl.com/0142.%E7%8E%AF%E5%BD%A2%E9%93%BE%E8%A1%A8II.html
状态：AC

此题见代码随想录的讲解，很清晰。

# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.next = None


class Solution:
    def detectCycle(self, head: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        slow = head
        fast = head
        
        while fast and fast.next:
            slow = slow.next
            fast = fast.next.next
            
            # If there is a cycle, the slow and fast pointers will eventually meet
            if slow == fast:
                # Move one of the pointers back to the start of the list
                slow = head
                while slow != fast:
                    slow = slow.next
                    fast = fast.next
                return slow
        # If there is no cycle, return None
        return None