1. Mybatis中多对一查询
1. 多对一的理解
(1)多个学生对应一个老师
(2)对于学生这边,就是一个多对一现象,即从多个学生这边关联一个老师
2. 数据库的设计
(1)sql语句
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO teacher(`id`, `name`) VALUES (1, '秦老师');
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('1', '小明', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('2', '小红', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('3', '小张', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('4', '小李', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('5', '小王', '1');
(2)架构设计
3. 环境搭建
(1)编写实体类对象
@Data
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
}
@Data
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private Teacher teacher;
}
(2)编写实体类对应的Mapper接口
public interface StudentMapper {
}
public interface TeacherMapper {
}
(3)编写Mapper接口对应的Mapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.nelws.dao.TeacherMapper">
</mapper>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.nelws.dao.StudentMapper">
</mapper>
(4)按查询结果进行嵌套处理:类似于sql中的连表查询
public interface StudentMapper {
List<Student> getStudents();
}
<mapper namespace="com.nelws.dao.StudentMapper">
<!--
按查询结果进行嵌套处理:类似于sql中的连表查询
思路:直接查询出结果,进行结果集映射
-->
<select id="getStudents" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname
from student s,teacher t
where s.tid = t.id
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student">
<result property="id" column="sid"/>
<result property="name" column="sname"/>
<!--关联对象property 关联对象在Student实体类中的属性-->
<association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
</mapper>
(5)测试
@Test
public void test01(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBaitsUtils.getSqlSession();
StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
List<Student> students = mapper.getStudents();
for (Student student : students) {
System.out.println(student);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
2. 一对多
1. 一对多的理解
(1)一个老师拥有多个学生
(2)对于老师这边,就是一个一对多现象,一个老师拥有许多学生(集合)
2. 环境搭建
(1)实体类
@Data
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private int tid;
}
@Data
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
//一个老师有多个学生
List<Student> students;
}
(2)剩下的与之前一样
(3)按查询结果嵌套处理
public interface TeacherMapper {
Teacher getTeacher(int id);
}
<mapper namespace="com.nelws.dao.TeacherMapper">
<select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent">
select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname,t.id tid
from student s,teacher t
where s.tid = t.id and t.id = #{id}
</select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="Teacher">
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
<collection property="students" ofType="Student">
<result property="id" column="sid"/>
<result property="name" column="sname"/>
<result property="tid" column="tid"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
</mapper>
(4)测试
public class Test01 {
@Test
public void test01(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBaitsUtils.getSqlSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1);
System.out.println(teacher);
sqlSession.close();
}
}
3. 多对一,一对多总结
1. 关联:association
2. 集合:collection
3. association用于一对一与多对一,collection用于一对多
4. JavaType和ofType的理解
1. JavaType是用来指定domain中属性的类型(关联对象)
2. ofType指定的是映射到List集合属性中domain的类型
4. 动态SQL
1. 概念:动态SQL指的是根据不同的查询条件 , 生成不同的Sql语句
2. 分类
(1)if
(2)choose(when,otherwise)
(3)trim(where,set)
(4)foreach
3. 好处:我们之前写的 SQL 语句都比较简单,如果有比较复杂的业务,我们需要写复杂的 SQL 语句,往往需要拼接,而拼接 SQL ,稍微不注意,由于引号,空格等缺失可能都会导致错误。那么怎么去解决这个问题呢?这就要使用 mybatis 动态SQL,通过 if, choose, when, otherwise, trim, where, set, foreach等标签,可组合成非常灵活的SQL语句,从而在提高 SQL 语句的准确性的同时,也大大提高了开发人员的效率
4. 搭建环境
(1)数据库表:blog
CREATE TABLE `blog` (
`id` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客id',
`title` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客标题',
`author` varchar(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客作者',
`create_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`views` int(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '浏览量'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
(2)创建mybatis基础工程
(3)编写IDUtils
public class IDUtils {
public static String getId(){
return UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-","");
}
}
(4)实体类Blog
@Data
public class Blog {
private String id;
private String title;
private String author;
private Date createTime;
private int views;
}
(5)编写Mapper接口及Mapper.xml
public interface BlogMapper {
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.nelws.dao.BlogMapper">
</mapper>
(6)由于数据库的创建时间与实体类的创建时间字段名不同,在mybatis核心配置文件设置,下划线驼峰自动转换
<settings>
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
</settings>
(7)插入原始数据
- 编写接口
public interface BlogMapper {
int addBlog(Blog blog);
}
- Mapper.xml中编写sql
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.nelws.dao.BlogMapper">
<insert id="addBlog" parameterType="Blog">
insert into blog(id,title,author,create_time,views)
values (#{id},#{title},#{author},#{createTime},#{views})
</insert>
</mapper>
- 测试
@Test
public void test01(){
SqlSession session = MyBaitsUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = session.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
Blog blog = new Blog();
blog.setId(IDUtils.getId());
blog.setTitle("Mybatis如此简单");
blog.setAuthor("老王");
blog.setCreateTime(new Date());
blog.setViews(9999);
mapper.addBlog(blog);
blog.setId(IDUtils.getId());
blog.setTitle("Java如此简单");
mapper.addBlog(blog);
blog.setId(IDUtils.getId());
blog.setTitle("Spring如此简单");
mapper.addBlog(blog);
blog.setId(IDUtils.getId());
blog.setTitle("微服务如此简单");
mapper.addBlog(blog);
session.close();
}
5. if语句
(1)需求:根据作者名字和博客名字来查询博客!如果作者名字为空,那么只根据博客名字查询,反之,则根据作者名来查询
(2)编写接口
public interface BlogMapper {
int addBlog(Blog blog);
//if语句
List<Blog> queryBlogIf(Map map);
}
(3)Mapper.xml中编写sql语句
<!--
if语句
根据作者名字和博客名字来查询博客!
如果作者名字为空,那么只根据博客名字查询,反之,则根据作者名来查询
select * from blog where title = #{title} and author = #{author}
-->
<select id="queryBlogIf" parameterType="map" resultType="Blog">
select * from blog where
<if test="title != null">
title = #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null">
and author = #{author}
</if>
</select>
(4)测试
@Test
public void test02(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBaitsUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("title","Mybatis如此简单");
map.put("author","老王");
List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogIf(map);
for (Blog blog : blogs) {
System.out.println(blog);
}
}
(5)小bug:这样写我们可以看到,如果 author 等于 null,那么查询语句为 select * from user where title=#{title},但是如果title为空呢?那么查询语句为 select * from user where and author=#{author},这是错误的 SQL 语句,如何解决呢?请看下面的 where 语句!
<!--
if语句
根据作者名字和博客名字来查询博客!
如果作者名字为空,那么只根据博客名字查询,反之,则根据作者名来查询
select * from blog where title = #{title} and author = #{author}
-->
<select id="queryBlogIf" parameterType="map" resultType="Blog">
select * from blog
<where>
<if test="title != null">
title = #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null">
and author = #{author}
</if>
</where>
</select>
这个“where”标签会知道如果它包含的标签中有返回值的话,它就插入一个 ‘where’。此外,如果标签返回的内容是以AND或OR开头的,则它会剔除掉
6. set语句
(1)需求:更新操作
(2)编写接口
//set语句
int updateBlogSet(Map map);
(3)编写Mapper.xml中的sql
<!--set语句-->
<update id="updateBlogSet" parameterType="map">
update blog
<set>
<if test="title != null">
title = #{title}, 【注意,set后面要加","】
</if>
<if test="author != null">
author = #{author}
</if>
</set>
where id = #{id}
</update>
(4)测试
@Test
public void test03(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBaitsUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("title","动态sql");
map.put("author","Wang");
map.put("id","be74fc9a524d48dbba04b64101643eee");
mapper.updateBlogSet(map);
sqlSession.close();
}
7. choose语句
(1)概述:有时候,我们不想用到所有的查询条件,只想选择其中的一个,查询条件有一个满足即可,使用 choose 标签可以解决此类问题,类似于 Java 的 switch 语句
(2)编写接口
//choose
List<Blog> queryBlogChoose(Map map);
(3)编写Mapper.xml的sql语句
<!--choose语句-->
<select id="queryBlogChoose" parameterType="map" resultType="Blog">
select * from blog
<where>
<choose>
<when test="title != null">
title = #{title}
</when>
<when test="author != null">
and author = #{author}
</when>
<otherwise>
and views = #{views}
</otherwise>
</choose>
</where>
</select>
(4)测试
@Test
public void test04(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBaitsUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("title","动态sql");
map.put("author","老王");
map.put("views",9999);
List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogChoose(map);
for (Blog blog : blogs) {
System.out.println(blog);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
8. sql片段
(1)概念:有时候可能某个 sql 语句我们用的特别多,为了增加代码的重用性,简化代码,我们需要将这些代码抽取出来,然后使用时直接调用
(2)提取sql片段
<sql id="if-title-author">
<if test="title != null">
title = #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null">
and author = #{author}
</if>
</sql>
(3)使用sql片段
<select id="queryBlogIf" parameterType="map" resultType="Blog">
select * from blog
<where>
<!-- 引用 sql 片段,如果refid 指定的不在本文件中,那么需要在前面加上 namespace -->
<include refid="if-title-author"></include>
<!-- 在这里还可以引用其他的 sql 片段 -->
</where>
</select>
(4)注意:①最好基于单表来定义 sql 片段,提高片段的可重用性。②在 sql 片段中不要包括 where
9. foreach语句
(1)需求:将bolg的id改为1,2,3,查询blog 表中 id 分别为1,2,3的博客信息
(2)编写接口
//foreach
List<Blog> queryBlogForeach(Map map);
(3)编写Mapper.xml中的sql语句
参数解释
collection:指定输入对象中的集合属性
item:每次遍历生成的对象
open:开始遍历时的拼接字符串
close:结束时拼接的字符串
separator:遍历对象之间需要拼接的字符串
<!--foreach-->
<select id="queryBlogForeach" parameterType="map" resultType="Blog">
select * from blog
<where>
<!--
collection:指定输入对象中的集合属性
item:每次遍历生成的对象
open:开始遍历时的拼接字符串
close:结束时拼接的字符串
separator:遍历对象之间需要拼接的字符串
select * from blog where 1=1 and (id=1 or id=2 or id=3)
-->
<foreach collection="ids" item="id" open="and (" close=")" separator="or">
id = #{id}
</foreach>
</where>
</select>
(4)测试
@Test
public void test05(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBaitsUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap map = new HashMap();
ArrayList<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<Integer>();
ids.add(1);
ids.add(2);
ids.add(3);
map.put("ids",ids);
List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogForeach(map);
for (Blog blog : blogs) {
System.out.println(blog);
}
sqlSession.close();
}