JavaEE(16)Ajax、拦截器、文件上传与下载

1. Ajax

1. 概念
(1)Ajax:Asynchronous JavaScript and XML(异步的 JavaScript 和 XML),是一种在无需重新加载整个网页的情况下,能够更新部分网页的技术
(2)Ajax不是一种新的编程语言,而是一种用于创建更好更快以及交互性更强的Web应用程序的技术

2. 用途
(1)注册时,输入用户名自动检测用户是否已经存在
(2)登陆时,提示用户名与密码错误
(3)删除数据时,将行ID发送给后台,后台在数据库删除,数据库删除成功后,在页面的DOM元素也进行删除

3. 核心:Ajax的核心是XMLHttpRequest(XHR)对象,XHR为向服务器发送请求和解析服务器提供的接口。能够以异步方式从服务器获取新数据

2. 使用JQuery实现Ajax

1. 概述:JQuery提供了多个与Ajax有关的方法。通过JQuery.Ajax的方法,能够使用HTTP GET 和HTTP POST从远程服务器请求文本、HTML、XML和JSON,同时把这些外部数据直接加载进网页中

2. 使用
(1)配置web.xml和spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


    <!--配置过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.nelws.controller"/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

(2)编写一个Controller

@RestController
public class AjaxController {

    @RequestMapping("/t1")
    public String test(){
        return "ok";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/at1")
    public void ajaxTest01(String name, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        if ("admin".equals(name)){
            response.getWriter().print("true");
        }else {
            response.getWriter().print("false");
        }
    }
}

(3)编写index.jsp进行测试

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
    <script src="js/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <%--onblur:失去焦点触发该事件--%>
    用户名:<input type="text" id="txtName" onblur="a1()">
  </body>
</html>
<script>
  function a1() {
      $.post({
          url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/at1",
          data:{"name":$("#txtName").val()},
          success:function (data,status) {
              console.log(data);
              console.log(status);
          }
      })
  }
</script>

(4)启动tomcat测试!打开浏览器的控制台,当我们鼠标离开输入框的时候,可以看到发出了一个ajax的请求!是后台返回给我们的结果!测试成功!

3. SpringMVC实现
(1)编写User类

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String sex;
}

(2)获取一个集合对象,展示到前端页面

    @RequestMapping("/at2")
    public List<User> ajaxTest02(){
        List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
        list.add(new User("小王",12,"男"));
        list.add(new User("小张",13,"男"));
        list.add(new User("小刘",14,"女"));
        return list;
    }

(3)前端页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<input type="button" id="btn" value="获取数据">
<table>
    <tr>
        <td>姓名</td>
        <td>年龄</td>
        <td>性别</td>
    </tr>

    <tbody id="content">

    </tbody>
</table>



</body>
</html>
<script src="js/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script>
<script>
    $("#btn").click(function () {
        $.post("${pageContext.request.contextPath}/at2",function (data) {
            var html = "";
            for(var i = 0;i < data.length;i++){
                html += "<tr>" +
                        "<td>" + data[i].name + "</td>" +
                        "<td>" + data[i].age + "</td>" +
                        "<td>" + data[i].sex + "</td>" +
                        "</tr>"
            }
            $("#content").html(html);
        })
    })
</script>

4. 注册验证效果
(1)编写Controller

    @RequestMapping("/at3")
    public String ajaxTest03(String name,String pwd){
        String msg = "";

        //模拟从数据库中获取的数据
        if (name != null){
            if ("admin".equals(name)){
                msg = "OK";
            }else {
                msg = "用户名错误";
            }
        }

        if (pwd != null){
            if ("123456".equals(pwd)){
                msg = "OK";
            }else {
                msg = "密码错误";
            }
        }

        return msg;
    }

(2)编写前端界面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
    用户名:<input type="text" id="name" onblur="a1()" />
    <span id="nameInfo"/>
</p>

<p>
    密码:<input type="text" id="pwd" onblur="a2()" />
    <span id="pwdInfo"/>
</p>
</body>
</html>
<script src="js/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script>
<script>
    function a1() {
        $.post({
            url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/at3",
            data:{"name":$("#name").val()},
            success:function (data) {
                if (data.toString() == "OK"){
                    $("#nameInfo").css("color","green");
                } else {
                    $("#nameInfo").css("color","red");
                }
                $("#nameInfo").html(data);
            }
        })
    }

    function a2() {
        $.post({
            url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/at3",
            data:{"pwd":$("#pwd").val()},
            success:function (data) {
                if (data.toString() == "OK"){
                    $("#pwdInfo").css("color","green");
                } else {
                    $("#pwdInfo").css("color","red");
                }
                $("#pwdInfo").html(data);
            }
        })
    }
</script>

2. 拦截器

1. 简介:SpringMVC的处理器拦截器类似于Servlet开发中的过滤器Filter,用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。开发者可以自己定义一些拦截器来实现特定的功能

2. 拦截器与过滤器的区别:拦截器是AOP思想的具体应用

1. 过滤器
	1. servlet规范中的一部分,任何java web工程都可以使用
	2. 在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截
2. 过滤器
	1. 拦截器是SpringMVC框架自己的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用
	2. 拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法, 如果访问的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不会进行拦截的

3. 自定义拦截器:实现 HandlerInterceptor 接口
(1)配置web.xml和spring-mvc.xml
(2)编写一个拦截器

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    //在请求处理的方法之前执行
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

        /**
         * true:代表放行,执行下一个拦截器
         * false:代表不通过,不执行下一个拦截器
         */
        System.out.println("=======处理前=======");
        return true;
    }

    //在请求处理的方法之后执行
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("=======处理后=======");

    }

    //在dispatcherServlet处理后执行,做清理工作
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("=======清理=======");

    }
}

(3)在spring-mvc.xml中配置拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">


    <context:component-scan base-package="com.nelws.controller"/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/js/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>


    <!--配置拦截器-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--拦截所有-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.nelws.interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

</beans>

(4)编写Controller接受请求

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @RequestMapping("/interceptor")
    public String testInterceptor(){
        System.out.println("控制器中的方法执行了");
        return "OK~";
    }
}

(5)前端页面index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/interceptor">拦截器测试</a>
  </body>
</html>

(6)配置tomcat并测试
在这里插入图片描述

4. 案例:验证用户是否登录
(1)需求:拦截用户请求,判断用户是否登录。如果用户已经登陆,则放行;如果用户未登录,则跳转至登录页面

(2)实现

  • 编写index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>首页</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goLogin">登陆</a>
  <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goSuccess">主页</a>
  </body>
</html>
  • 编写一个登陆页面login.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录页面</h1>

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login" method="post">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username">
    密码:<input type="text" name="password">
    <input type="submit" value="登陆">
</form>
</body>
</html>
  • 编写一个Controller处理请求
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    //跳转至登录页面
    @RequestMapping("/goLogin")
    public String goLogin(){
        return "login";
    }

    //跳转至成功页面
    @RequestMapping("/goSuccess")
    public String goSuccess(){
        return "success";
    }

    //登陆提交
    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(HttpSession session, String username, String password, Model model){
        //向Session中存用户信息
        session.setAttribute("userInfo",username);
        model.addAttribute("username",username);
        return "success";
    }

    //注销
    @RequestMapping("/goOut")
    public String goOut(HttpSession session){
        session.removeAttribute("userInfo");
        return "login";
    }
}
  • 编写登陆成功页面success.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>
<h3>${username}</h3>

<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goOut">注销</a>
</body>
</html>
  • 编写拦截器
public class UserInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        //如果是登录界面则放行
        if (request.getRequestURI().contains("login")){
            return true;
        }
        if (request.getRequestURI().contains("goLogin")){
            return true;
        }

        //如果用户已经登录也放行(Session中有东西)
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        if (session.getAttribute("userInfo") != null){
            return true;
        }

        //用户没有登陆则跳转至登录页面
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request,response);

        return false;
    }
}
  • 在spring-mvc.xml中注册拦截器
    <!--配置拦截器-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--拦截所有-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.nelws.interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>

        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/user/**"/>
            <bean class="com.nelws.interceptor.UserInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

  • 测试

3. 文件上传与下载

1. 文件上传
(1)如果想使用Spring的文件上传功能,则需要在上下文中配置MultipartResolver

(2)前端表单要求:为了能上传文件,必须将表单的method设置为POST,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data。只有在这样的情况下,浏览器才会把用户选择的文件以二进制数据发送给服务器

(3)实现(普通方法)

  • 导入文件上传的jar包:commons-fileupload,maven会自动导入commons-io
    <dependencies>
        <!--文件上传-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--servlet-api导入高版本的-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  • 配置bean:multipartResolver(这个bean的id必须是multipartResolver)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.nelws.controller"/>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>


    <!--文件上传的配置-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" id="multipartResolver">
        <!-- 请求的编码格式,必须和jSP的pageEncoding属性一致,以便正确读取表单的内容,默认为ISO-8859-1 -->
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
        <!-- 上传文件大小上限,单位为字节(10485760=10M) -->
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
        <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
    </bean>

</beans>
  • 前端界面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
     <input type="file" name="file"/>
     <input type="submit" value="upload">
</form>
</body>
</html>
  • 编写Controller层
    @RequestMapping("/upload")
    public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file , HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {

        //获取文件名 : file.getOriginalFilename();
        String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();

        //如果文件名为空,直接回到首页!
        if ("".equals(uploadFileName)){
            return "redirect:/index.jsp";
        }
        System.out.println("上传文件名 : "+uploadFileName);

        //上传路径保存设置
        String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        //如果路径不存在,创建一个
        File realPath = new File(path);
        if (!realPath.exists()){
            realPath.mkdir();
        }
        System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);

        InputStream is = file.getInputStream(); //文件输入流
        OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath,uploadFileName)); //文件输出流

        //读取写出
        int len=0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
            os.flush();
        }
        os.close();
        is.close();
        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }
  • 测试

(4)实现(file.Transto)

  • 编写Controller
    /*
     * 采用file.Transto 来保存上传的文件
     */
    @RequestMapping("/upload2")
    public String  fileUpload2(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {

        //上传路径保存设置
        String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        File realPath = new File(path);
        if (!realPath.exists()){
            realPath.mkdir();
        }
        //上传文件地址
        System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);

        //通过CommonsMultipartFile的方法直接写文件(注意这个时候)
        file.transferTo(new File(realPath +"/"+ file.getOriginalFilename()));

        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }
  • 前端表单地址修改
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/upload2" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
     <input type="file" name="file"/>
     <input type="submit" value="upload">
</form>
</body>
</html>
  • 测试

2. 文件下载
(1)编写Controller

    @RequestMapping("/download")
    public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        //要下载的图片地址
        String  path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");  //可以更改
        String  fileName = "发票抬头.jpg";   //可以更改

        //1、设置response 响应头
        response.reset(); //设置页面不缓存,清空buffer
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //字符编码
        response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //二进制传输数据
        //设置响应头
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
                "attachment;fileName="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));

        File file = new File(path,fileName);
        //2、 读取文件--输入流
        InputStream input=new FileInputStream(file);
        //3、 写出文件--输出流
        OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();

        byte[] buff =new byte[1024];
        int index=0;
        //4、执行 写出操作
        while((index= input.read(buff))!= -1){
            out.write(buff, 0, index);
            out.flush();
        }
        out.close();
        input.close();
        return null;
    }

(2)测试

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