podman的部署以及用法

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-28 12:54:14 发布

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分类专栏：奋斗文章标签： linux docker 运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/nuanchunhujian/article/details/126342746

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podman的部署以及用法

文章目录

- podman的部署以及用法
- - 配置加速器
  - podman的用法

安装podman

[root@localhost ~]# ps -aux |grep podman
root        4452  0.0  0.0   9212  1180 pts/0    S+   10:10   0:00 grep --color=auto podman
[root@localhost ~]# ps -aux |grep docker
root        1282  0.6  2.2 1442352 83664 ?       Ssl  10:09   0:00 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
root        4638  0.0  0.0   9212  1156 pts/0    S+   10:10   0:00 grep --color=auto docker
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install podman
...
Removed:
  containerd.io-1.6.7-3.1.el8.x86_64                                     
  docker-ce-3:20.10.17-3.el8.x86_64                                      
  docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.17-3.el8.x86_64                        

Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# podman version
Client:       Podman Engine
Version:      4.0.2
API Version:  4.0.2
Go Version:   go1.17.7

Built:      Tue Mar 15 15:15:06 2022
OS/Arch:    linux/amd64
[root@localhost ~]# podman images
REPOSITORY  TAG         IMAGE ID    CREATED     SIZE
[root@localhost ~]#

配置加速器

修改podman镜像源（podman默认的镜像拉取镜像地址第一个是红帽的，从红帽去拉去，而且可能要都要涉及到红帽的一个付费用户才行的，最后一个才是正儿八经的docker的镜像仓库的源，所以把他这个顺序调整一下，把docker的镜像仓库的源调整到第一位置上去，如果不调整的话，他装软件他会优先跑到上去，结果红帽的连接不上去，就会导致安装特别慢）

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/containers/registries.conf 
unqualified-search-registries = ["docker.io"]
#配置加速器
[[registry]]
   prefix = "docker.io"
   location = "fi54miqv.mirror.aliyuncs.com"

podman的用法

–help是查看podman的用法

[root@localhost ~]# podman --help
Manage pods, containers and images

Usage:
  podman [options] [command]

Available Commands:
  attach      Attach to a running container
  auto-update Auto update containers according to their auto-update policy
  build       Build an image using instructions from Containerfiles
  commit      Create new image based on the changed container
  container   Manage containers
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create but do not start a container
  diff        Display the changes to the object's file system
  events      Show podman events
...

podman pull 下载拉去镜像

注意**：Podman在不同的注册管理机构中搜索。因此，建议使用完整的映像名称（docker.io/library/httpd而不是httpd）来确保使用正确的映像**

[root@localhost ~]# podman pull docker.io/library/httpd
Trying to pull docker.io/library/httpd:latest...
Getting image source signatures
Copying blob d982c879c57e done  
Copying blob dcc4698797c8 done  
Copying blob 67283bbdd4a0 done  
Copying blob a2abf6c4d29d done  
Copying blob 41c22baa66ec done  
Copying config dabbfbe0c5 done  
Writing manifest to image destination
Storing signatures
dabbfbe0c57b6e5cd4bc089818d3f664acfad496dc741c9a501e72d15e803b34

podman images 查看镜像列表

[root@localhost ~]# podman  images
REPOSITORY               TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZE
docker.io/library/httpd  latest      dabbfbe0c57b  7 months ago  148 MB
[root@localhost ~]#

podman run 的用法.参数

run:是在创建容器后，运行他

-d是在后台运行

-it是人机交互

–name是创建容器名字

-p是映射端口

-e是指定host

run后面-d是在后台运行--name是容器的名字，为web -p是做主机和容器的端口映射，然后就是镜像名版本号，我这里是默认的版本号。
[root@localhost ~]# podman run -d --name web -p 80:80 docker.io/library/httpd
a74945c89b2966adf4094b18a2f49d7c977ff437cb19e4126ffcd96f0158b2b3
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port Process  
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*             
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:80          0.0.0.0:*             
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22             [::]:*             
[root@localhost ~]#

podman ps是列出正在运行的容器,没有运行和的

[root@localhost ~]# podman ps
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                           COMMAND           CREATED         STATUS             PORTS               NAMES
a74945c89b29  docker.io/library/httpd:latest  httpd-foreground  49 seconds ago  Up 49 seconds ago  0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp  web
[root@localhost ~]#

podman ps -a是列出所有的容器不管有没有在运行中

[root@localhost ~]# podman ps -a
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                           COMMAND           CREATED        STATUS            PORTS               NAMES
a74945c89b29  docker.io/library/httpd:latest  httpd-foreground  9 minutes ago  Up 9 minutes ago  0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp  web
[root@localhost ~]#

podman status：查看运行中容器资源使用情况

[root@localhost ~]# podman stats web
ID            NAME        CPU %       MEM USAGE / LIMIT  MEM %       NET IO             BLOCK IO    PIDS        CPU TIME     AVG CPU %
a74945c89b29  web         5.87%       17.13MB / 3.885GB  0.44%       1.658kB / 2.735kB  -- / --     82          97.471674ms  5.87%

podman top显示容器正在运行的进程

[root@localhost ~]# podman top -l
USER        PID         PPID        %CPU        ELAPSED           TTY         TIME        COMMAND
root        1           0           0.000       20m39.564486817s  ?           0s          httpd -DFOREGROUND 
www-data    8           1           0.000       20m39.564604327s  ?           0s          httpd -DFOREGROUND 
www-data    9           1           0.000       20m39.565176547s  ?           0s          httpd -DFOREGROUND 
www-data    10          1           0.000       20m39.565307091s  ?           0s          httpd -DFOREGROUND 
[root@localhost ~]#

podman stop：停止容器

[root@localhost ~]# podman stop web
web
[root@localhost ~]# podman ps -a
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                           COMMAND           CREATED         STATUS                    PORTS               NAMES
a74945c89b29  docker.io/library/httpd:latest  httpd-foreground  21 minutes ago  Exited (0) 8 seconds ago  0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp  web
[root@localhost ~]#

podman tag：重命名(不覆盖源镜像文件)

[root@localhost ~]# podman images
REPOSITORY               TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZE
docker.io/library/httpd  latest      dabbfbe0c57b  7 months ago  148 MB
[root@localhost ~]# podman tag docker.io/library/httpd:latest docker.io/httpd:v0.1
[root@localhost ~]# podman images
REPOSITORY               TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZE
docker.io/library/httpd  latest      dabbfbe0c57b  7 months ago  148 MB
docker.io/library/httpd  v0.1        dabbfbe0c57b  7 months ago  148 MB
[root@localhost ~]#

podman exec 是进入容器退出但容器还在

[root@localhost ~]# podman exec -it web /bin/bash
root@a74945c89b29:/usr/local/apache2# 
root@a74945c89b29:/usr/local/apache2# 
root@a74945c89b29:/usr/local/apache2# ^C
root@a74945c89b29:/usr/local/apache2# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# podman ps
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                           COMMAND           CREATED         STATUS                 PORTS               NAMES
a74945c89b29  docker.io/library/httpd:latest  httpd-foreground  31 minutes ago  Up About a minute ago  0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp  web
[root@localhost ~]#

podman network reload web 重载规则

[root@localhost ~]#  podman network reload web
a74945c89b2966adf4094b18a2f49d7c977ff437cb19e4126ffcd96f0158b2b3
[root@localhost ~]#

podman commit 制作镜像

[root@localhost ~]# podman commit -p k1
Getting image source signatures
Copying blob 01fd6df81c8e skipped: already exists  
Copying blob b721ee47211c done  
Copying config bb96f9ad50 done  
Writing manifest to image destination
Storing signatures
bb96f9ad5020c7e162e24d1e9138b5ce7828a313bc720a9dc97e89f2254392cc
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# podman images
REPOSITORY                 TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED         SIZE
<none>                     <none>      bb96f9ad5020  51 seconds ago  1.47 MB
docker.io/library/busybox  latest      beae173ccac6  7 months ago    1.46 MB

podman info 查看详细信息

[root@localhost ~]# podman info
host:
  arch: amd64
  buildahVersion: 1.24.1
  cgroupControllers:

docker.io:
    Blocked: false
    Insecure: false
    Location: fi54miqv.mirror.aliyuncs.com
你可以看到加速器

podman 登录

上传镜像必须要先登录官方的网站
[root@localhost ~]# podman login 
Username: nuanchun
Password: 
Login Succeeded!
[root@localhost ~]#

错误解决：

如果podman login报错这种

Error: authenticating creds for "docker.io": pinging container registry registry-1.docker.io: Get "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/": net/http: TLS handshake timeout
就需要进入
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
    "registry-mirrors":["docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
}
加入这一行配置然后在登陆就可以了