Java之集合(15个demo)

本节主要介绍java的集合，主要包括List、Set和Map，其中List的子类ArrayList和LinkedList，Set的子类HashSet和TreeSet，Map的字类HashMap等，介绍了集合的常用方法，Collections工具类以及Comparable和Comparator排序方法,同时介绍了泛型和集合的嵌套使用等。

目录

1-List集合的三种遍历方式及常用方法

2-List集合存储学生对象并遍历

3-List集合的子类ArrayList和LinkedList

4-Set集合的字类HashSet

5-Set集合字类之TreeSet

6-TreeSet集合Comparable自然排序(实现该接口并重写CompareTo()方法)

7-TreeSet集合比较排序器Comparator(匿名内部类方式)

8-泛型类的使用

9-泛型方法的使用

10-泛型接口的使用

11-Map集合之HashMap

12-ArrayList嵌套HashMap

13-HashMap嵌套ArrayList

14-HashMap统计字符串每个字符出现次数

15-Collections工具类的使用(存储学生集合并排序)

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1-List集合的三种遍历方式及常用方法

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class CollectionDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>() ;
        list.add("java") ;
        list.add("python") ;
        list.add("c++") ;

        //增强for遍历
        for(String s : list){
            System.out.println(s);
        }

        //迭代器遍历
        Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator() ;
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            System.out.println(iterator.next());
        }

        //for循环遍历
        for(int i=0; i<list.size(); i++){
            System.out.println(list.get(i));
        }

        //删除指定索引的元素
        list.remove(1);
        //修改指定索引的元素
        list.set(1,"Matlab") ;
        //获得指定索引的元素
        System.out.println(list.get(1)) ;
    }
}

2-List集合存储学生对象并遍历

public class Student  {
    private  String name ;
    private int age ;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class CollectionDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s1 = new Student("张三", 15) ;
        Student s2 = new Student("李四", 18) ;
        Student s3 = new Student("王五", 16) ;

        List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>() ;
        list.add(s1) ;
        list.add(s2) ;
        list.add(s3) ;

        //迭代器遍历
        Iterator<Student> iterator = list.iterator() ;
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            Student s = iterator.next() ;
            System.out.println(s.getName() + "," + s.getAge());
        }

        //增强for循环遍历
        for(Student student : list){
            System.out.println(student.getName() + "," + student.getAge());
        }

        //for循环遍历
        for(int i=0; i<list.size(); i++){
            System.out.println(list.get(i).getName() + "," + list.get(i).getAge() );
        }

    }
}

3-List集合的子类ArrayList和LinkedList

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;

public class CollectionDemo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<>() ;
        arrayList.add("java");
        arrayList.add("python");
        arrayList.add("c++");
        for(String s : arrayList){
            System.out.println(s);
        }

        LinkedList<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<>();
        linkedList.add("Matlab") ;
        linkedList.add("r") ;
        linkedList.add("js");
        for(String s : linkedList){
            System.out.println(s);
        }

        //LinkedList的特有功能
        linkedList.addFirst("hello");
        linkedList.addLast("world");
        System.out.println(linkedList.getFirst());
        System.out.println(linkedList.getLast());
        linkedList.removeFirst() ;
        linkedList.removeLast() ;

    }
}

4-Set集合的字类HashSet

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;

public class CollectionDemo04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HashSet<String> hashSet = new HashSet<>() ;
        hashSet.add("java") ;
        hashSet.add("c") ;
        hashSet.add("python") ;

        for(String s : hashSet){
            System.out.println(s);
        }

        //LinkedHashSet,链表保证有序,HashSet保证唯一
        LinkedHashSet<String> linkedHashSet = new LinkedHashSet<>() ;
        linkedHashSet.add("java") ;
        linkedHashSet.add("c") ;
        linkedHashSet.add("python") ;
        linkedHashSet.add("java") ;
        for(String s : linkedHashSet){
            System.out.println(s);
        }

    }
}

5-Set集合字类之TreeSet

import java.util.TreeSet;

public class CollectionDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TreeSet<Integer> treeSet = new TreeSet<>() ;
        treeSet.add(20) ;
        treeSet.add(10) ;
        treeSet.add(30);
        treeSet.add(5) ;
        treeSet.add(20) ;

        //TreeSet集合有序且元素唯一
        for(Integer x : treeSet){
            System.out.println(x);
        }
    }
}

6-TreeSet集合Comparable自然排序(实现该接口并重写CompareTo()方法)

public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {
    private  String name ;
    private int age ;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }


    @Override
    public int compareTo(Student s) {
        int num1 = this.age - s.age ;
        int num2 = num1 == 0 ? this.name.compareTo(s.name) : num1 ;
        return num2 ;
    }
}

import java.util.TreeSet;

public class CollectionDemo05 {
    /**
     * 需求:存储学生对象并遍历,按照年龄由小到大排序,
     * 若年龄相同,按照姓名的字母顺序排序
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TreeSet<Student> treeSet = new TreeSet<>() ;

        Student s1 = new Student("zhangsan", 14) ;
        Student s2 = new Student("lisi", 14) ;
        Student s3 = new Student("wangwu", 13);
        Student s4 = new Student("maliu", 17) ;
        Student s5 = new Student("maliu", 17) ;

        treeSet.add(s1) ;
        treeSet.add(s2) ;
        treeSet.add(s3) ;
        treeSet.add(s4) ;
        treeSet.add(s5) ;

        for(Student s : treeSet){
            System.out.println(s.getName() + "," + s.getAge());
        }

    }
}

7-TreeSet集合比较排序器Comparator(匿名内部类方式)

public class Student  {
    private  String name ;
    private int age ;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

}

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.TreeSet;

public class CollectionDemo06 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TreeSet<Student> treeSet = new TreeSet<>(new Comparator<Student>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Student s1, Student s2) {
               int num1 = s1.getAge() - s2.getAge() ;
               int num2 = num1==0 ? s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName()) : num1 ;
               return num2 ;
            }
        }) ;

        Student s1 = new Student("zhangsan", 14) ;
        Student s2 = new Student("lisi", 14) ;
        Student s3 = new Student("wangwu", 13);
        Student s4 = new Student("maliu", 17) ;
        Student s5 = new Student("maliu", 17) ;

        treeSet.add(s1) ;
        treeSet.add(s2) ;
        treeSet.add(s3) ;
        treeSet.add(s4) ;
        treeSet.add(s5) ;

        for(Student s : treeSet){
            System.out.println(s.getName() + "," + s.getAge());
        }
    }
}

8-泛型类的使用

public class Generic<T> {
    private T t ;

    public T getT() {
        return t;
    }

    public void setT(T t) {
        this.t = t;
    }
}

public class CollectionDemo07 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /**
         * 泛型类的好处:在定义时候不需要确实具体的方法参数类型
         * 方法调用的时候再给出具体的类型,避免多次写重载方法
         */
        Generic<String> generic = new Generic<>() ;
        generic.setT("张三");

        Generic<Integer> generic1 = new Generic<>() ;
        generic1.setT(18);

        Generic<Boolean> generic2 = new Generic<>() ;
        generic2.setT(true);

        System.out.println(generic.getT() + "," + generic1.getT() + "," + generic2.getT());
    }
}

9-泛型方法的使用

public class Generic1 {
    public <T> void show(T t){
        System.out.println(t);
    }
}

public class CollectionDemo08 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //定义泛型方法,可以在调用的时候传递任意类型的参数
        Generic1 generic = new Generic1() ;
        generic.show("张三");
        generic.show(18);
        generic.show(true);
    }
}

10-泛型接口的使用

public interface Generic2 <T>{
    void show(T t) ;
}

public class Generic2Impl <T>  implements Generic2<T>{
    @Override
    public void show(T t) {
        System.out.println(t);
    }
}

public class CollectionDemo09 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Generic2<String> generic2 = new Generic2Impl<>() ;
        generic2.show("张三");

        Generic2<Integer> generic3 = new Generic2Impl<>() ;
        generic3.show(15) ;
    }
}

11-Map集合之HashMap

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class CollectionDemo10 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<String,Integer> map = new HashMap<>() ;
        map.put("张三", 18) ;
        map.put("李四", 20) ;
        map.put("王五", 19) ;

        System.out.println(map);
        System.out.println(map.isEmpty()); //判空操作
        System.out.println(map.size()); //集合大小
        System.out.println(map.containsKey("张三"));//是否包含键
        System.out.println(map.containsValue(18)); //是否包含值
        System.out.println(map.remove("张三")); //删除键值对
//        map.clear(); //清空集合

        //获取键值对的方式
        for(String key : map.keySet()){
            System.out.println(key + "," + map.get(key));
        }

        for(Map.Entry m : map.entrySet()){
            System.out.println(m.getKey() + "," + m.getValue());
        }
    }
}

12-ArrayList嵌套HashMap

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class CollectionDemo11 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<HashMap> arrayList = new ArrayList<>() ;
        HashMap<String,String> h1 = new HashMap<>() ;
        h1.put("张三", "18") ;
        h1.put("李四", "17") ;

        HashMap<String,String> h2 = new HashMap<>() ;
        h2.put("马六", "19") ;
        h2.put("李五", "14") ;

        HashMap<String,String> h3 = new HashMap<>() ;
        h3.put("张二", "10") ;
        h3.put("李三", "13") ;

        arrayList.add(h1) ;
        arrayList.add(h2);
        arrayList.add(h3);

        for(HashMap<String,String> hashMap : arrayList){
            for(String key : hashMap.keySet()){
                System.out.println(key + "," + hashMap.get(key));
            }
        }


    }
}

13-HashMap嵌套ArrayList

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class CollectionDemo12 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        HashMap<String, ArrayList> hashMap = new HashMap<>();

        ArrayList<String> array1 = new ArrayList<>();
        array1.add("唐僧");
        array1.add("孙悟空") ;
        hashMap.put("西游记",array1) ;

        ArrayList<String> array2 = new ArrayList<>() ;
        array2.add("武松") ;
        array2.add("鲁智深") ;
        hashMap.put("水浒传",array2) ;

        for(String key : hashMap.keySet()){
            ArrayList<String> values = hashMap.get(key) ;
            System.out.println(key);
            for(String value : values){
                System.out.println(value);
            }
        }
        
    }
}

14-HashMap统计字符串每个字符出现次数

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class CollectionDemo13 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HashMap<Character,Integer> map = new HashMap<>() ;
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in) ;

        String str = input.nextLine() ;

//        for(int i=0; i<str.length(); i++){
//            char key = str.charAt(i) ;
//            if(!map.containsKey(key)){
//                map.put(key,1) ;
//            }else{
//                int count = map.get(key) + 1 ;
//                map.put(key,count) ;
//            }
//        }
        for(int i=0; i<str.length(); i++){
            char key = str.charAt(i) ;
            int value = map.getOrDefault(key,0) +1 ;
            map.put(key,value) ;
        }

        for(char key : map.keySet()){
            System.out.println(key + "的个数是:" + map.get(key));
        }

    }
}

15-Collections工具类的使用(存储学生集合并排序)

public class Student  {
    private  String name ;
    private int age ;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;

public class CollectionDemo14 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Student> arrayList = new ArrayList<>() ;
        Student s1 = new Student("linqinngxia", 30) ;
        Student s2 = new Student("zhangmanyu",35) ;
        Student s3 = new Student("wangzuxian", 33) ;
        Student s4 = new Student("liuyan", 33) ;

        arrayList.add(s1);
        arrayList.add(s2);
        arrayList.add(s3);
        arrayList.add(s4);

        /**
         * 按年龄有小到大排序，年龄相同时，
         * 按照姓名字母顺序排序
         */
        Collections.sort(arrayList, new Comparator<Student>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Student s1, Student s2) {
                int num1 = s1.getAge() - s2.getAge() ;
                int num2 = num1 == 0 ? s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName()) : num1 ;
                return num2 ;
            }
        });

        for(Student student : arrayList){
            System.out.println(student.getName() + "," + student.getAge());
        }
    }
}