web笔记四

js引入方式

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
 
 
 
 
    <script>
        // 内部
        // prompt('请输入您的年龄:')
    </script>
    <!-- 外部 -->
    <script src="./03-外部js.js">
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

输入输出语句

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
 
 
    <script>
        // 输入语句
        // prompt('请输入您的密码:')
        // 打印到页面
        document.write('你们真是小天才')
        // 可以识别标签
        document.write('<strong>你们真是小天才</strong>')
        // 控制台输出语句
        console.log('我现在要在控制台输出')
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

变量

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
 
 
    <script>
 
        // 变量:盒子----存储数据的容器           数据本身不是变量
        //  变量的声明:
        // let 变量名           var  变量名
        // let age
        // //    变量赋值
        // age = prompt('请输入您的年龄:')
 
        // age = 33
        // console.log(age)
 
 
        // 变量的初始化
        // let uname = prompt('请输入您的用户名:')
        // console.log(uname)
 
 
        // 同时定义多个变量
        // let uname = 'zs', age = 21
        // console.log(uname, age)
 
        let age = prompt('请输入年龄:')
        document.write(age)
 
 
 
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

变量命名规范

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
 
    <script>
        // 变量命名规范:1、有效符号(大小写字母、数字、下划线、$)
        // 2、关键字、保留字不能用于变量命名
        // 3、不以数字开头
        // 4、尽量用有意义的变量名
        // 5、驼峰命名法       userName
 
    </script>
 
</body>
 
</html>

let和var的区别

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
 
 
 
    <script>
        // var 可以多次声明同一变量  
        console.log(age)
        // var age
        let age
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

const常量

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
 
    <script>
        // 常量名大写   常量无法更改
        const PI = 3.14
        // PI = 4.456
        console.log(PI)
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

数据类型

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        // js是弱数据类型语言    只有赋值之后,才知道是什么数据类型
        let uname = 21
        uname = 'gouxin'
        console.log(typeof (uname))
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

基本数据类型

1.数字类型

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
 
 
    <script>
        let a = 21.21312
        let b = 33
        console.log(a)
        console.log(a + 2)
        console.log(a + b)
        console.log(a - b)
        console.log(a * b)
        console.log(a / b)
        console.log(a % 2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

2.字符串类型

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        // let uname1 = 'nnnsns'
        // console.log(typeof (uname1))
        // let uname2 = "nnnsns"
        // console.log(typeof (uname2))
        // let uname3 = "nnn'gouxin'sns"
        // console.log(typeof (uname3))
        // let uname4 = 'nnn"gouxin"sns'
        // console.log(typeof (uname4))
 
 
        // 字符串拼接用+
 
        let a = +prompt("请输入num1")
        let b = +prompt("请输入num2")
        // alert   警示框
        alert(a + b)
 
 
        // 模板字符串
        // let uname = prompt("请输入名字:")
        // let age = prompt("请输入年龄:")
 
        // document.write('你叫' + uname + ',今年' + age + '岁了')
        // document.write(`<strong>你叫${uname},今年${age}岁了</strong>`)
 
 
 
 
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

3.布尔类型


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
 
    <script>
        console.log(typeof (3 < 5))
        // undefinded  声明,未赋值
        // null   NaN   not a  number
        console.log(undefined + 1)
        console.log(null + 1)
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

显示转换

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        let a = +prompt('num1')
        let b = +prompt('num2')
 
        console.log(Number(a) + Number(b))
        console.log(typeof (+a))
 
        let c = '200.9875px'
        console.log(parseInt(c))
        console.log(parseFloat(c))
 
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

运算符

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        // =  赋值运算符
        // let a = 21
        // a = 33
 
 
        // a += 4 // a = a + 4
        // a *= 2   //a = a * 2     74
        //a -= 3    //a = a - 3
        // a /= 2     //a = a / 2      35.5
        // alert(a)
 
 
 
        // let b = a++  //先赋值,再自增
        // alert(b)
        // alert(a)  //36.5
        // b = ++a   //先自增,再赋值
        // alert(b)
 
 
        // 比较运算符  
        // >   <   >=   <=  ==   ===
        let num1 = 2
        let num2 = '2'
        alert(num1 == num2)
        alert(num1 === num2)
        // ==  (隐式转换)只比较数值,将字符串转换为数字类型后进行比较   ===   即比较数值,也比较类型
 
 
 
 
 
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

逻辑运算符

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        // &&     ||       !
        //  alert(4 > 3 && 3 < 5)  //两真为真,一假则假
        // alert(4 < 3 || 3 < 5)  //一真则真   全假则假
        // alert(!true)
        alert(!(4 < 3))
 
 
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

单分支语言

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        let age = 11
        // if(条件){
        //     执行的代码
        // }
        if (age < 18) {
            document.write('你是小弟弟,不要乱跑')
        }
 
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

双分支语言

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
 
 
    <script>
        let age = +prompt('请输入您的年龄:')
        if (age <= 18) {
            alert('你不要乱跑')
        } else {
            alert('恭喜你,成年了')
        }
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

多分支语言

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        let age = +prompt('age:')
        if (age < 18) {
            alert('你是未成年 学习吧')
        } else if (age <= 25) {
            alert('青春年华')
        } else if (age <= 40) {
            alert('好汉不提当年勇')
        } else {
            alert('男人四十一枝花')
        }
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

三元运算符

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        let age = +prompt('请输入您的年龄:')
        // if (age <= 18) {
        //     alert('你不要乱跑')
        // } else {
        //     alert('恭喜你,成年了')
        // }
 
        // 判断条件?条件成立时执行的语句:条件不成立时执行的语句
        age <= 18 ? alert('你不要乱跑') : alert('恭喜你,成年了')
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

switch

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        let num = +prompt('请输入今天星期几了:')
        switch (num) {
            case 1:
                alert('星期一')
                break
            case 2:
                alert('星期二了')
                break
            case 3:
                alert('星期三了')
                break
            case 4:
                alert('星期四了')
                break
            case 5:
                alert('星期五了')
                break
            case 6:
                alert('周末了')
                break
            case 7:
                alert('周末了')
                break
            default:
                alert('你是外星人吗')
        }
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

while循环

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        // while   一定要有终止条件
        let i = 10
        // while (i > 11) {
        //     console.log('你是大聪明')
        //     i--
        // }
 
 
        do {
            console.log('你是大聪明')
            i--
        } while (i > 11)
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

for循环

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        for (let i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            document.write(`你真是个大聪明<br>`)
        }
        //
 
 
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

循环嵌套


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        span {
            display: inline-block;
            margin: 15px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        for (let i = 1; i < 8; i++) {
            console.log(`今天是第${i}天`)
            for (let j = 1; j < 11; j++) {
                console.log(`这是今天第${j}朵玫瑰花`)
 
            }
        }
 
        for (let i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
            for (let j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
                document.write(`<span>${j}*${i}=${i * j}</span>`);
            }
            document.write(`<br/>`)
        }
 
 
        for (let i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
            for (let j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
                document.write(`*`)
            }
            document.write(`<br/>`)
        }
 
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

continue,break

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        for (let i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
            if (i === 50) {
                // break
                continue
            }
            console.log(i)
        }
        // break:跳出循环
        // continue:跳出本次循环
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

循环加强

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        let arr = [1, 2, 3, 66, 4, 5]
        // for  in
        // for (let i in arr) {
        //     console.log(arr[i])
        // }
        // for   of
        for (let k of arr) {
            console.log(k)
        }
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

数组

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        // let name1 = '俊杰'
        // 有序的数据序列
        //             0         1         2           3       4     5
        let arr = ['gouxin', 'huangzhong', 'jialuo', 'zhadanren', 12, true]
        // 数组的声明方式
        // arr[索引下标]
        alert(arr[5])
 
 
        // let arr2 = new Array()
 
 
        // 数组遍历
        // for (let i in arr) {
        //     console.log(arr[i])
        // }
 
        // 数组的操作   
        // 通过索引下标给对应元素重新赋值
        arr[1] = 'guanyu'
        console.log(arr instanceof Array)
        let arr2 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
        // concat合并数组
        arr3 = arr.concat(arr2)
        console.log(arr3)
 
        // 增 push   在数组末尾添加
        arr.push('姜加')
 
 
        // unshift  在数组首部添加元素
 
        arr.unshift('jiangjia')
 
        arr.shift()
 
        arr.pop()
        // splice(删除的起始位置,删除的个数)
        arr.splice(3, 1)
        // splice(删除的起始位置,0,要添加的元素)
        arr.splice(3, 0, 'jiangjia')
        console.log(arr)
 
        console.log(arr.join(' **'))
        console.log(arr.reverse())
 
 
 
        console.log(arr.slice(3))
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

二维数组

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <script>
        let student = [['jiangjia', 31, 'sing'], ['xuchao', 21, 'dance']]
 
        // console.log(student[1][0])
        for (let i in student) {
            for (let j in student[i]) {
                console.log(student[i][j])
            }
        }
 
 
        // student.length   获取数组长度的
    </script>
</body>
 
</html>

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