虚表概念:
对于有虚函数类,编译器都会维护一张虚表,对象的前四个字节就是指向虚表的指针。虚表中存放的是虚函数的地址。虚函数按照其声明顺序存放在虚表中。在派生类中,前面是继承基类的虚函数,若派生类重写了基类中的虚函数则替换为重写后的,派生类自己的虚函数追加在其后。如果派生类继承了两个基类,则派生类自己的虚函数追加到第一个继承的基类的虚表的后面。
单继承(没有重写基类的虚函数)
class Base
{
public:
virtual void FunTest1()
{
cout << "Base::FunTest1" << endl;
}
virtual void FunTest2()
{
cout << "Base::FunTest2" << endl;
}
int _data1;
};
class Drived :public Base
{
public:
virtual void FunTest3()
{
cout << "Drived::FunTest3" << endl;
}
virtual void FunTest4()
{
cout << "Drived::FunTest4" << endl;
}
int _data2;
};
typedef void(*VFP)();
void Printvtp()//打印虚表
{
Drived d;
Base &b = d;
VFP*fun = (VFP*)*(int*)&b;
while (*fun)
{
(*fun)();
++fun;
}
}
int main()
{
Base b;
Drived d;
cout << sizeof(d) << endl;//12(本身的虚表指针地址,data1,,data2共12个字节)
cout << sizeof(b) << endl;//8(本身的虚表指针地址,data1,共八个字节)
Printvtp();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
在派生类中,前面是基类的虚函数,后面是派生类的虚函数
单继承(重写基类的虚函数)
class Base
{
public:
virtual void FunTest1()
{
cout << "Base::FunTest1" << endl;
}
virtual void FunTest2()
{
cout << "Base::FunTest2" << endl;
}
int _data1;
};
class Drived :public Base
{
public:
virtual void FunTest1()
{
cout << "Drived::FunTest1" << endl;
}
virtual void FunTest3()
{
cout << "Drived::FunTest3" << endl;
}
int _data2;
};
测试结果:
由于只重写了基类的FunTest1,所以虚表中打印了派生类重写的FunTest1与基类的FunTest2,再加上派生类本身的虚函数。
派生类虚表的形成: a.先拷贝基类的虚表
b.如果派生类重写了基类的虚函数,则修改同位置的基类虚函数
c.跟上派生类新定义的虚函数
调用虚表:通过基类的引用或指针调用虚函数时,调用基类还是派生类的虚函数,
要根据运行时引用或指针的实际指向的类型确定。
单继承的派生类的大小:虚表+ 基类的数据成员 + 派生类的成员
多继承(无重写)class Base1
{
public:
Base1()
:_data1(1)
{}
virtual void FunTest1()
{
cout << "Base1::FunTest1" << endl;
}
virtual void FunTest2()
{
cout << "Base1::FunTest2" << endl;
}
int _data1;
};
class Base2
{
public:
Base2()
:_data2(2)
{}
virtual void FunTest3()
{
cout << "Base2::FunTest3" << endl;
}
virtual void FunTest4()
{
cout << "Base2::FunTest4" << endl;
}
int _data2;
};
class Drived:public Base1,public Base2
{
public:
Derived()
:_data3(3)
{}
virtual void FunTest5()
{
cout << "Drived::FunTest5" << endl;
}
virtual void FunTest6()
{
cout << "Drived::FunTest6" << endl;
}
int _data3;
};
typedef void(*VFP)();
void Printvtp()//打印虚表
{
Drived d;
cout << "derived虚表" << endl;
VFP*fun = (VFP*)*(int*)&d;
while (*fun)
{
(*fun)();
++fun;
}
Base1 b1;
fun = (VFP*)*(int*)&b1;
cout << endl;
cout << "base1虚表" << endl;
while (*fun)
{
(*fun)();
++fun;
}
Base2 b2;
fun = (VFP*)*(int*)&b2;
cout << endl;
cout << "base2虚表" << endl;
while (*fun)
{
(*fun)();
++fun;
}
}
int main()
{
Base1 b1;
Base2 b2;
Drived d;
cout << sizeof(d) << endl;//20
cout << sizeof(b1) << endl;//8
cout << sizeof(b2) << endl;//8
Printvtp();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
测试结果:
如果子类有新定义的虚函数,则放在继承顺序第一的基类虚表的后面(可看上图测试结果)
菱形继承(有重写)
class base
{
public:
base()
:_data1(1)
{}
virtual void funtest1()
{
cout << "base::funtest1" << endl;
}
int _data1;
};
class C1 :public base
{
public:
C1()
:_data2(2)
{}
virtual void funtest1()
{
cout << "C1::funtest1" << endl;
}
virtual void funtest2()
{
cout << "C1::funtest2" << endl;
}
int _data2;
};
class C2 :public base
{
public:
C2()
:_data3(3)
{}
virtual void funtest1()
{
cout << "C1::funtest1" << endl;
}
virtual void funtest3()
{
cout << "C2::funtest3" << endl;
}
int _data3;
};
class Derived :public C1, public C2
{
public:
Derived()
:_data4(4)
{}
virtual void funtest1()
{
cout << "Derived::funtest1()" << endl;
}
virtual void funtest2()
{
cout << "Derived::funtest2()" << endl;
}
virtual void funtest3()
{
cout << "Derived::funtest3()" << endl;
}
virtual void funtest4()
{
cout << "Derived::funtest4()" << endl;
}
int _data4;
};
typedef void(*VFP)();
void Printvtp()//打印虚表
{
Derived d;
C1&c1 = d;
VFP*fun = (VFP*)*(int*)&c1;
cout << "c1虚表"<< endl;
while (*fun)
{
(*fun)();
++fun;
}
C2&c2 = d;
fun = (VFP*)*(int*)&c2;
cout << endl;
cout << "c2虚表" << endl;
while (*fun)
{
(*fun)();
++fun;
}
}
int main()
{
Derived d;
cout << sizeof(d) << endl;
Printvtp();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
测试结果:
说明: 如果派生类Derived有新的虚函数,则添加到第一继承顺序的基类c1的虚表后面
该菱形继承存在二义性,c1和c2中都继承了base的成员变量
菱形继承的大小:28 c1((虚表指针+base成员+c1成员 )==(12)) + c2(12) + 派生类D的成员(4)