MySQL5.7二进制包安装

大家好，今天给大家分享mysql相关的技术。

我们在深入学习mysql的时候，我们不会在window安装mysql，总需要在CentOS下搭建一个mysql server，然而，如果采用源码包的安装方式会特别费时间，需要安装各种软件依赖，然后make&&make install，并且会经常安装失败。今天我给大家分享一下mysql二进制包的安装（针对mysql5.7，与mysql5.6安装方式略有不同）。

 

1、下载mysql

输入网址，www.mysql.com,找到mysql的下载页，我们选择5.7版本64位的包点击下载会得到一个tar.gz的压缩包，或者直接用wget进行下载。

2、安装前目录规划

为了方便起见，我们将mysql安装在/usr/local下，解压，做软连接

 创建mysql用户组和mysql用户，修改mysql安装目录权限和数据文件目录权限

修改配置文件datadir=/data/mysql

3、初始化数据库

命令：

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize

 

4、启动mysql

命令

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

启动失败，填坑

报错1：找不到/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log

方法：创建/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log文件并修改权限

2019-07-17T08:57:21.589621Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.

[root@localhost bin]# mkdir /var/log/mariadb
[root@localhost bin]# touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
[root@localhost bin]# chown mysql:mysql -R /var/log/mariadb/
[root@localhost bin]# cd /var/log/mariadb/
[root@localhost mariadb]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 0 Jul 17 17:06 mariadb.log
[root@localhost mariadb]# chmod 777 mariadb.log 
[root@localhost mariadb]# chmod 777 /var/log/mariadb/
[root@localhost mariadb]# ll
total 0
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 Jul 17 17:06 mariadb.log

再启动，报错2：找不到/var/lib/mysql目录

[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
[1] 6487
[root@localhost bin]# 2019-07-17T09:11:05.236306Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
2019-07-17T09:11:05.239773Z mysqld_safe Directory '/var/lib/mysql' for UNIX socket file don't exists.

方法：创建相应目录并修改权限

[root@localhost bin]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost bin]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/
[root@localhost bin]# chmod 777
[root@localhost bin]# chown mysql:mysql -R /var/lib/mysql/
[root@localhost bin]# chmod 777 /var/lib/mysql/

再启动，报错3：找不到/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid文件

[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
[1] 22072
[root@localhost bin]# 2019-07-17T09:20:17.388351Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
2019-07-17T09:20:17.416303Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql
2019-07-17T09:20:17.935778Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid ended

方法：创建相应目录并修改权限

[root@localhost bin]# mkdir /var/run/mariadb
[root@localhost bin]# chown mysql:mysql -R /var/run/mariadb/
[root@localhost bin]# chmod 777 /var/run/mariadb/

再启动，启动成功

5、登录mysql，修改临时密码

还记的在初始化mysql时生成的那个临时密码吗？对，我们就用那个密码登录。但是登录报错，原因是/tmp/下没有找到mysql.sock文件。于是我们把/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock做一个软链到/tmp/mysql.sock，再次登陆，登陆成功。

别忘了修改再初始化时给root生成的临时密码哦。

修改root密码，并设置为永远不过期，刷新权限。

mysql> set password='root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' password expire never;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>

退出后再次登录：登录成功

[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql -uroot -proot
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

6、mysql的关闭

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqladmin -uroot -proot shutdown

7、小提示

我们可以在mysql库的user表查到用户的相关信息，在mysql5.7之前，用user表中的password字段来表示用户的密码，在mysql5.7及以后，改用authentication_string字段来表示，如下：

mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from user;
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user          | host      | authentication_string                     |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root          | localhost | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.sys     | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

好了，今天的分享就到这里，添加笔者微信可以获得更多使用的后端技术哦，谢谢大家