题目描述
Description
定义表示形状的抽象类及相应派生类，并实现相关操作符重载。
（1）定义表示形状的抽象类CShape：
添加double型保护数据成员：rectWidth和rectHeight，分别表示派生类形状对应外接矩形的宽度和高度；
添加公有成员函数void Show()，用于显示形状的宽度、高度和面积，输出格式为“W =宽度, H =高度, Area =面积”；
添加公有成员函数double Area()，用于计算形状面积，该函数定义为纯虚函数；
定义虚的析构函数；
重载比较操作符：==、>和<，用于比较两个形状面积的大小关系，返回值类型为bool，可以定义为成员函数或友元函数。
（2）从形状类CShape派生矩形类CRectangle：
定义带参构造函数；
重定义公有成员函数Area，计算矩形面积= rectWidth*rectHeight。
（3）从形状类CShape派生椭圆类CEllipse：
定义常静态数据成员PI并初始化为3.1416；
定义带参构造函数；
重定义公有成员函数Area，计算椭圆面积=PI*rectWidth*rectHeight/4.0。
（4）从形状类CShape派生菱形类CDiamond：
定义带参构造函数；
重定义公有成员函数Area，计算菱形面积=rectWidth*rectHeight/2.0。
在main函数中，首先根据输入的整数创建相应大小的CShape对象指针数组，再根据输入的对象类型和外接矩形的宽高动态创建相应类型对象，并关联到对象指针数组，输入信息格式如下：
3 //对象指针数组的元素个数
R 23 17 //对象类型、形状宽度、形状高度，R表示矩形对象
E 89 25 //对象类型、形状宽度、形状高度，E表示椭圆对象
D 17 29 //对象类型、形状宽度、形状高度，D表示菱形对象
接着通过调用Show成员函数输出所有对象信息。
然后输出面积相等的形状对象的信息（要求使用重载的运算符“==”来判断对象的面积是否相等），输出格式如下：
Area of Shape[i](形状类型) isequal to Shape[j](形状类型)
最后将所有形状对象按面积从大到小排序（要求使用重载的运算符“>”来判断对象的面积大小关系），并输出排序后的对象信息。
main函数参考测试代码如下：
int main()
{
int num;
int i, j;
vector <CShape *> sarr;
string str;
double w, h;
cin >> num;
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
cin >> str >> w >> h;
if (str == "R")
{
sarr.push_back(new CRectangle(w, h));
}
else if (str == "E")
{
sarr.push_back(new CEllipse(w, h));
}
else if (str == "D")
{
sarr.push_back(new CDiamond(w, h));
}
else
{
cout << "Input error!" << endl;
}
}
num = sarr.size();
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
sarr[i]->Show();
}
for (i = 0; i < num - 1; i++)
{
for (j = i+1; j < num; j++)
{
if ((*sarr[i]) == (*sarr[j]))
{
cout << "Area of Shape[" << i << "]" << GetType(sarr[i]) << " is equal to Shape[" << j << "]" << GetType(sarr[j]) << endl;
} //其中的GetType函数需要自己设计实现
}
}
sort(sarr.begin(), sarr.end(), compare); //compare函数需要自己设计，返回值为bool，可以查找资料了解sort函数，头文件需包含algorithm
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
sarr[i]->Show();
}
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
delete sarr[i];
}
return 0;
}Input
对象数目
对象类型对象外接矩形宽度对象外接矩形高度
Output
排序前的对象信息
面积相等的对象信息
Sample Input 1
8
R 23 17
R 89 25
R 17 23
D 25 81
E 29 17
E 89 75
E 17 29
D 23 34
Sample Output 1
W = 23, H = 17, Area = 391
W = 89, H = 25, Area = 2225
W = 17, H = 23, Area = 391
W = 25, H = 81, Area = 1012.5
W = 29, H = 17, Area = 387.202
W = 89, H = 75, Area = 5242.55
W = 17, H = 29, Area = 387.202
W = 23, H = 34, Area = 391
Area of Shape[0](rectangle) is equal to Shape[2](rectangle)
Area of Shape[0](rectangle) is equal to Shape[7](diamond)
Area of Shape[2](rectangle) is equal to Shape[7](diamond)
Area of Shape[4](ellipse) is equal to Shape[6](ellipse)
W = 89, H = 75, Area = 5242.55
W = 89, H = 25, Area = 2225
W = 25, H = 81, Area = 1012.5
W = 23, H = 17, Area = 391
W = 17, H = 23, Area = 391
W = 23, H = 34, Area = 391
W = 29, H = 17, Area = 387.202
W = 17, H = 29, Area = 387.202Sample Input 2
10
R 14.5 32
R 6 1309
E 45 32
D 25 81
R 25 44
E 60 42.5
E 100 100
D 23 34
D 32 61.4
D 44 50
Sample Output 2
W = 14.5, H = 32, Area = 464
W = 6, H = 1309, Area = 7854
W = 45, H = 32, Area = 1130.98
W = 25, H = 81, Area = 1012.5
W = 25, H = 44, Area = 1100
W = 60, H = 42.5, Area = 2002.77
W = 100, H = 100, Area = 7854
W = 23, H = 34, Area = 391
W = 32, H = 61.4, Area = 982.4
W = 44, H = 50, Area = 1100
Area of Shape[1](rectangle) is equal to Shape[6](ellipse)
Area of Shape[4](rectangle) is equal to Shape[9](diamond)
W = 6, H = 1309, Area = 7854
W = 100, H = 100, Area = 7854
W = 60, H = 42.5, Area = 2002.77
W = 45, H = 32, Area = 1130.98
W = 25, H = 44, Area = 1100
W = 44, H = 50, Area = 1100
W = 25, H = 81, Area = 1012.5
W = 32, H = 61.4, Area = 982.4
W = 14.5, H = 32, Area = 464
W = 23, H = 34, Area = 391代码实现
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
class CShape
{
public:
void Show()
{
cout <<"W = "<<rectWidth<<", H = "<<rectHeight<<", Area = " <<Area()<< endl;
}
virtual double Area() = 0;
bool operator==(CShape &s)
{
return Area() == s.Area();
}
bool operator>(CShape &s)
{
return Area() > s.Area();
}
bool operator<(CShape &s)
{
return Area() < s.Area();
}
virtual string getName() = 0;
virtual ~CShape(){}
protected:
double rectWidth;
double rectHeight;
};
class CRectangle : public CShape
{
public:
CRectangle(double w, double h)
{
rectWidth = w;
rectHeight = h;
}
double Area()
{
return rectWidth * rectHeight;
}
string getName()
{
return "(rectangle)";
}
};
class CEllipse : public CShape
{
public:
CEllipse(double w, double h)
{
rectWidth = w;
rectHeight = h;
}
static constexpr double PI=3.1416;//这里特别注意，只有写constexpr时，才可在类内初始化，否则静态常量一般在类外赋值
double Area()
{
return PI * rectWidth * rectHeight/4.0;
}
string getName()
{
return "(ellipse)";
}
};
class CDiamond : public CShape
{
public:
CDiamond(double w, double h)
{
rectWidth = w;
rectHeight = h;
}
double Area()
{
return rectWidth * rectHeight / 2.0;
}
string getName()
{
return "(diamond)";
}
};
//下面是compare函数的实现
bool compare(CShape *s1, CShape *s2)
{
return *s1 > *s2;
}
//下面是GetType函数的实现
string GetType(CShape* s)
{
return s->getName();
}
void test01()
{
int num;
int i, j;
vector <CShape *> sarr;
string str;
double w, h;
cin >> num;
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
cin >> str >> w >> h;
if (str == "R")
{
sarr.push_back(new CRectangle(w, h));
}
else if (str == "E")
{
sarr.push_back(new CEllipse(w, h));
}
else if (str == "D")
{
sarr.push_back(new CDiamond(w, h));
}
else
{
cout << "Input error!" << endl;
}
}
num = sarr.size();
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
sarr[i]->Show();
}
for (i = 0; i < num - 1; i++)
{
for (j = i+1; j < num; j++)
{
if (abs(sarr[i]->Area()-sarr[j]->Area())<1e-9)//这里与题目上代码有所不同，大家可以自行测试(*sarr[i]) == (*sarr[j])与abs(sarr[i]->Area()-sarr[j]->Area())<1e-9的差别，这里主要与精度有关
{
cout << "Area of Shape[" << i << "]" << GetType(sarr[i]) << " is equal to Shape[" << j << "]" << GetType(sarr[j]) << endl;
}
}
}
sort(sarr.begin(), sarr.end(), compare);
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
sarr[i]->Show();
}
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
delete sarr[i];
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
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