130. Surrounded Regions

1. 问题描述
   Given a 2D board containing ‘X’ and ‘O’ (the letter O), capture all regions surrounded by ‘X’.

   A region is captured by flipping all ‘O’s into ‘X’s in that surrounded region.

   For example,

   X X X X
   X O O X
   X X O X
   X O X X

   After running your function, the board should be:

   X X X X
   X X X X
   X X X X
   X O X X

2. 解决思路
   对边缘的元素进行搜索，将边缘的o元素，以及与边缘o元素相邻的o元素变成‘w‘存储。然后将剩下的o元素变成x，将w重新变回o即可。值得注意的是，这里需要考虑空间问题，要进行枝，搜索过的就不要再搜索了。。。

3. 代码

class Solution {
public:
    void solve(vector<vector<char>>& board) {
        int m = board.size();
        if (m == 0)
            return;
        int n = board[0].size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            helper(board,0,i,m,n);
            helper(board,m-1,i,m,n);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
            helper(board,i,0,m,n);
            helper(board,i,n-1,m,n);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                if (board[i][j] == 'W')
                    board[i][j] = 'O';
                else if (board[i][j] == 'O')
                    board[i][j] = 'X';
            }
        }
    }
    void helper(vector<vector<char>>& board, int i, int j, int row, int col) {
        if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
            board[i][j] = 'W';
            if (i > 1)
                helper(board,i-1,j,row,col);
            if (j > 1)
                helper(board,i,j-1,row,col);
            if (i + 1 < row)
                helper(board,i+1,j,row,col);
            if (j + 1 < col)
                helper(board,i,j+1,row,col);
        }
    }
};