快速幂

以$3^{13}=1594323$为例

将指数$13$写成二进制$1101$

$\begin{array}{ccccc}\text{bit}& 1& 1& 0& 1\\ \text{base}& 3^8& 3^4& 3^2& 3^1\end{array}$

$3^{13}=3^{8+4+1}=3^8\times 3^4\times 3^1=1594323$

要点：指数二进制的当前位为1时，对result累乘base

long long pow( int x, int n )
{
	long long result = 1, base = x;
 
	while(n)
	{
		if( n & 1 )
			result *= base;
 
		base *= base;
		n >>= 1;
	}
 
	return result;
}